| Objective:Use the sub-health assessment questionnaire (sub-health measurement scale version 1.0, SHMS v1.0) as a research tool, selecting representative of five occupational groups as the research object in the city of Guangzhou, to investigate and study the sub-health status and its influencing factors of young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou City, so as to provide reference basis to enhance and improve the health status of the young and middle-aged intellectuals.Method:1. SubjectThis study use stratified random sampling within the scope of Guangzhou City. According to the professional characteristics. This study selected accounting staff, college students, civil servants, nursing staff and the other young and middle-aged intellectuals within the scope of residents in cities and towns as five trial population, sample size for 2640 cases.2. Methods(1) operational definitionsThe intellectuals of this study mean mental workers that have received higher education or possess the equivalent qualification, the young intellectuals for 18-44 years old, the middle-aged intellectuals for 45-60 years old.(2)tool This questionnaire was designed according to the different characteristics of the young and middle-aged intellectuals, the questionnaire has two parts, the first part is the factors of demographic and lifestyle. Demographic factors include:occupation, gender, age, marital status, monthly income, residence, living conditions. Lifestyle’s factors include:smoking, drinking, breakfast habits, sleep time, physical exercise, etc.; the second part is the sub-health assessment scale (SHMS. V1.0). In this study, the Short Form SF-36 (health related quality of life measurement scale) is used as the standard.(3) quality controlSHMS v1.0 scale used in this study and it’s related application obtained funded by the"863 project", the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, etc., It has played a good effect for a variety of population that was applied to the sub-health testing. This study’s data sources is from the Youth Foundation of Ministry of education, humanities and social science studies. The sampling, investigation, statistics and analysis are in accordance with the program design step by step. The process of this study is rigorous. Before conducting an epidemiological investigation, the investigators was conducted a rigorous pre investigation training to ensure the quality of the test. After the end of the investigation, the questionnaire was conducted to logical filtrate, The one which completion rate was less than 80%, or the quality was not high wound be removed. Using Epidata 3.02 to establish the database. Adopt the double entry check to ensure the accuracy of data entry.(4) data management and statistical processingUsing Epidata3.02 software for data management, SPSS 17 software for data analysis. Statistical methods include:descriptive statistics, reliability and validity analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis, two independent samples T test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis.result1. Summary of questionnaireThe samples of population of 5 different occupations in the survey were 5*528=2640, the questionnaire issued 2780,2645 were repossessed, the repossess rate is 95.14%. Effective questionnaire were 2645, accounted for 98.83% in the questionnaire which were repossessed. The accounting staff (528) accounting for 19.96%, the students (528) accounting for 19.96%, the civil servants (528) accounting for 19.96%, the nursing staff (528) accounting for 19.96%, the urban residents (533) accounted for 20.15%; male (958) accounting for 36.21%, female (1687) accounting for 63.78%.2. Evaluation on reliability and validity of the sub-health status of young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou city by using the SHMS v1.0 scale(1) internal consistency reliabilityCronbach’s a coefficient of SHMS v1.0 scale was 0.902, physiological sub-health scale was 0.844, psychological sub-health scale was 0.725, social sub-health scale was 0.857.(2) split half reliabilityExcept index (15,28,38,39) which does not participate in the calculation. The remaining 35 items into relatively equal parts of the two, a containing 17 items and another containing 18 items. The statistic results show that the correlation coefficient of Spearman-Brown is 0.741, the coefficient of Split-Half Guttman is 0.712.(3) criterion validityUse the SF-36 scale total score as the criterion validity of the SHMS v1.0 scale. Statistical results showed that the correlation coefficient between total score of SHMS v1.0 scale and total score of F-36 scale was 0.801 (P＜0.01).(4) construct validityThe results of this study show that the correlation coefficient between the item and the dimension it belong to is high(P＜0.01). the correlation coefficient between the item and the dimension it not belong to is low(P<0.01). the correlation coefficient between dimension and sub-scale it belong to is high(P<0.01). the correlation coefficient between dimension and sub-scale it not belong to is low(P<0.01).(5) factor analysisThe results of this study show that the KMO value is 0.931, the Bartlett spherical test results P is less than 0.01, which indicates that the data is very suitable for factor analysis. The principal component analysis extracted 7 common factors, the cumulative variance contribution up to 63.94%. After the maximum variance rotation, the first, second and fifth common factors can be interpreted as the dimension of physical motor function (P3), psychological symptoms (M2), positive emotion (M3), cognitive function (M3), social adaptation (SI). The third common factors can be explained as a dimension of social resources and social support (S2). The fourth common factors can be explained as the dimensional of function organ (S2). The sixth common factors can be explained as the dimension of physical symptoms (PI). The seventh common factors can be explained as the dimension of energy (P4). 3 SHMS v1.0 score of young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou CitySHMS V1.0 score of young and middle-aged intellectuals In Guangzhou was (58.23 ± 10.83), physiological sub-health subscale score was (58.13±16.90), mental sub-health subscale score was (55.19±11.55), social sub-health subscale score was (62.41±14.01), the dimension of physical symptoms score was (59.02±17.45), the dimension of organ function score was (53.18±21.24) points, the dimension of body movement function score was (57.97±39.34), the dimension of energy score was (71.89±21.15), the dimension of positive emotion score was (63.41±18.05), the dimension of mental symptoms score was (49.11±19.44), the dimension of cognitive function score was (57.01±16.57), the dimension of social adaptation score was (65.57±15.36), the dimension of social support and social resources score was (59.72±16.25).4. The single factor analysis of the sub-health status of the young and middle-aged intellectuals in GuangzhouThe scores of college students’physiological sub-health sub-scale, psychological sub-health sub-scale was the highest in different occupation groups. The scores of civil servants and urban residents’physiological sub-health sub-scale and psychological sub-health sub-scale and the whole scale was significantly lower than that of other groups (P< 0.01). The total score and the three sub-scales’score of female intellectuals were higher than that of male (P< 0.01). Except the social sub-health sub-scale score, the remaining sub-scale scores of the youth group were higher than that of the middle-aged group in the age group, the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). The overall sub-health status of unmarried and divorce group is good, the scores of which is higher than that of married, widowed and unmarried cohabitation group (P< 0.01). Monthly income, residence, and living conditions are the impact factors of sub-health status of young and middle-aged intellectuals which it was statistically significant (P< 0.01).With the increase of working time, the scores of psychological sub-Health sub-scale and whole scale of smoking group were decreased (P< 0.001). the scores of psychological sub-health sub-scale and psychological sub-health sub-scale and whole scale of the non-smoking group were higher than that of the smoking group. The social sub-health sub-scale score of the non-smoking group was less than that of the smoking group (P< 0.001). The effect of alcohol on the scores of each scale was not significant (P> 0.05). In the breakfast group, with the increase in frequency of eating breakfast, psychological sub-health sub-scale score, social sub-health sub-scale score, whole scale score are on the increase (P< 0.01). In the sleep time group, the scores of the physical sub-health sub-scale and whole scale of the long sleep time group were higher than that of the short sleep time group (P< 0.01). In the exercise group, the scores of social sub-health sub-scale and whole scale of the exercise group of high frequency were higher than that of exercise group of small frequency (P< 0.01). The scores of three sub-scale and whole scale of never sedentary group and always sedentary group were lower than the that of other groups (P< 0.01).5. A multivariate analysis of the sub-health status of young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou cityMultivariate analysis showed that occupation, gender, age, marital status, working hours, breakfast, sleep time, sedentary, sports exercise are the main factors which affect the sub-health status of young and middle-aged Intellectuals in Guangzhou city (P< 0.05).6. Analysis on the status and incidence of sub-health of young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou city.According to the sub-health measurement scale norm of urban residents in Guangdong Province, the young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou were generally in severe sub-health or moderate sub-health. Sub-health incidence of Guangzhou young and middle-aged intellectuals reached 73.4%, severe sub-health incidence reached 22.6%, moderate sub-health incidence reached 41.0%, Mild sub-health incidence reached 9.8%.7 countermeasures and suggestions(1) to establish a sound security system, to maintain health level from the management side① Civil servants:the first, the government should continue to improve the civil servants’salary system, enable them to have more economic resources for their health maintenance. At the same time, establishing the health records and monitoring their data of physical function regularly are needed. Through this, developing health promotion programs for the unit of the civil. Then, the introduction of advanced work flow and the using of modern working system should be vigorously carried out. For the purpose of that is to save more rest and recreation time without affect the quality of the work.② Nurses:hospital manager can open psychological service line for the hospital’s medical workers. It can ease the psychological problems when work pressure is too large or emergency (such as medical disputes) happens, hospital managers should also carry out various forms of lectures or training actively which can promote doctor-patient relationship and doctor-doctor relationship. Patients, academics, health care workers and the media should be invited to participate in those lectures or training.③ Students:school manager should continue to maintain and improve the health level of college students. Specific measures are as follows:strengthen dietary management; canteen food should possessreasonable nutrition; increasing courses which contain psychological, health and pre-service training. At the same time, various sports and cultural exchange activities can be held to strengthen college students’ability which related to solve contradiction and handle interpersonal relationships.④ accountant:leading member of the accounting bodies or the accountants in charge should provide more comfortable working environment for accountants. In order to eliminate mental fatigue and improving physical function for accountants, moderate physical exercises should be organized in their spare time, leading member of the accounting bodies or the accountants in charge should train the psychological quality of the accounting staff which is belong to their department in the daily accounting work.⑤ The sub-health status of the other young intellectuals in the urban residents of Guangzhou city was the worst in the whole study. Government and the employer should pay more attention on the health level of young and middle-aged intellectuals. More testing and more extensive investigation should be conducted to explore the deep-seated reasons which can influence the health status of young and middle-aged intellectuals. Improve the health status of young and middle-aged intellectuals through related interventions.(2) young and middle-aged intellectuals should improve their health status from their own① fully understand and pay attention to the sub-healthYoung and middle-aged intellectuals should fully understand the concept of sub-health and attaches importance to the existence of that. Particular attention must be paid to the phenomenononce such as vision loss, loss of appetite, fatigue, insomnia, forgetfulness, afraid of cold, wind, lower productivity, emotional imbalance, when sub-health coming or aggravating, young and middle-aged intellectuals should actively seek medical services.② actively seeking medical careChinese traditional medicine, unlike western medicine, can explain the different stages of sub-health on the diagnosis. young and middle-aged intellectuals should actively seek services of traditional Chinese medicine, at the same time, young and middle-aged intellectuals should also actively learn some knowledge of traditional Chinese medicine, especially the traditions about how to preserve one’s health.③ keep away from the harmful factors, strengthen the regulating abilityThe form of release or relieve pressure should be healthy, meaningful. Young and middle-aged intellectuals should avoid the bad hobby、 low-level entertainment and bad temptation in the society. Young and middle-aged intellectuals should strengthen the ability of adjusting pressure in daily work and learning. when pressure affect the normal work and studies, some measures should be taken actively.④ develop a good living habitsFirst of all, young and middle-aged intellectuals should keep a good habit of life, follow the schedule for humans.second, intensifying physical exercise can distract attention from the tedious study and work.finally, young and middle-aged intellectuals should pay attention to the comprehensive and balanced nutrition in dietary respect, Meals nutrition should be reasonable and the diet should be diversified. More fruits and vegetables, much milk and beans and less greasy spicy will be better.Conclusions:1. SHMS V1.0 shous good reliability and validity in test sub-health of young and middle-aged intellectuals in Guangzhou.2. SHMS V1.0 score of young and middle-aged intellectuals In Guangzhou was (58.23±10.83), physiological sub-health subscale score was (58.13±16.90), mental sub-health subscale score was (55.19±11.55), social sub-health subscale score was (62.41±14.01).3.Most of Guangzhou young and middle-aged intellectuals are in moderate or severe sub-health status. Sub-health incidence of Guangzhou young and middle-aged intellectuals reached 73.4%, severe sub-health incidence reached 22.6%, moderate sub-health incidence reached 41.0%, Mild sub-health incidence reached 9.8%.4. Occupation, gender, age, marital status, working hours, breakfast, sleep time, sedentary, sports exercise are the main factors which affect the sub-health status of young and middle-aged Intellectuals in Guangzhou.5. According to the special condition of young and middle-aged intellectuals, we put forward intervention measures to improve the health status of young and middle-aged intellectuals from the angles of management and the individual itself. |
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