| Objective: To evaluate the prevention and control effects of reformed cooking range and health education, which implement at the burning coal pollution type of endemic fluorosis affected area in Ludian County, China, to provide scientific evidence for carried out the further strategies.Methods: in 2015,The project of cooking range improvement was carried out in Ludian County between 2005 and 2011. Five towns are chosen randomly from the affected towns with the reforming rate gets to over 95%(including 95%) until 2011,and two villages from the selected towns randomly to get the basic condition from the survey spot(including the distribution of the affected area, the usage of reforming cooking range, dietary pattern and economic condition and so on), and get the change information of Fluorine pollution and endemic fluorosis condition(including the fluoride concentration in the air and food, the dental fluorosis of the local children,urine fluorine content, and skeletal fluorosis in adults),and Compared with the baseline survey in 2015. Then evaluating the effects of the health education for endemic fluorosis(including the rate of rightly food drying, storing rightly, and the rate of food elutriation before consumption). The data is analyzed by the SPSS 22.0software, described by x±S, the statistics methods such as chi-square test, nonparametric test were applied.Results:(1) The area of burning coal pollution type of endemic fluorosis distributed involved 84 villages and 101,320 families in Ludian County. Until 2011,the rate of reforming cooking range gets to 97% at the affected area in the whole county. The average annual income for the surveyed household is 24,796 yuan and the average annual income is 5,241 yuan per person. Their mainly crops are potatoes and corns. People live mainly on rice.(2) The total detection rate of dental fluorosis for children from 8 to 12 years old is 10.14% and the index is 0.16, the patients mainly as the light degree, no moderate or deep degree case and the current epidemic intensity is negative, that was significantly declined from the detection 49.75% in 2005.(3) The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis for adults is 1.92%, all cases are the light degree.(4)The geometric mean of urinary fluoride contents for adults is 0.39 mg/L(range: 0.02 to 2.54 mg/L), urinary fluoride content is obviously lower than the standard that suggested by WHO.(5) The fluorine content in chilly varies from 0.26 to 13.46 mg/kg(median: 0.96mg/kg). The fluorine content in rice varies from 0.13 to 2.2mg/kg(median: 0.42mg/kg).The fluorine content in corns varies from 0.21 to 2.54mg/kg,(median: 0.43mg/kg). It’s obviously helpful to wipe and elutriate in order to decontamination fluoride content of chilly. It’s more obvious to elutriate than to wipe.(6) The fluorine in the air is under the standard(<20ug/m3)by testing in the lab, the median of stove closed-burning sample is 0.32ug/m3(ranges from 0.11 to 0.74ug/m3).The median of stove open-burning firing samples is 1.22ug/m3(ranges from 0.46 to3.71ug/m3). The fluorine content in the stove closed-burning sample is lower than the stove open-burning samples.(7) The fluorine content in water ranges from 0.09 to0.25mg/L(median: 0.1mg/L), and the value is under the standard.(8) Awareness rate for grade five primary school students about the prevention & control fluorosis caused by coal- burning are 80.93%, the rate for household are higher than student. The rates of correctly drying food are 100%, and the rates of correctly storing food are 99.74%,the correctly usage rates of coal burning are 100%. All the data have improved greatly compared with baseline data in 2005, and meet the national elimination standard forendemic fluorosis areas.(9) Every household saves 255 kg coals per year, that is to say, 102 yuan is saved by every household per year at the price of 0.4 yuan/kg of coal after the cooking ranges are reformed. The satisfactions of the reforming cooking range are 100%.Conclusion: The prevention and control effects are obvious in Ludian County after the complex measures are taken, especially the cooking range reformation. The rate of correctly drying, saving food and the rate of correctly using cooking range are higher. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis is lower. And the urine fluoride contents and the air fluoride contents are normal. All indexes meet the elimination standard for endemic fluorosis areas. The reformation of cooking range leads to a good society and economic benefits. |
PDF Full Text Request