Investigation On The Perilla Frutescens Resources In China And Study On The Essential Oil Chemotypes Of Perilla Frutescens Leaves

Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt., a species of Labiaceae, includes 4 varieties, they are, cultivated varieties P. frutescens var. frutescens (L.) Britt and P. frutescens var. crispa (Thunb.) Hand.-Mazz, wild varieties P. frutescens var. acuta (Thunb.) Kudo and P. frutescens var. auriculato-dentata C.Y.Wu et Hsuan ex H.W.Li. Perilla leaves is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine in which essential oil is main constituent. According to the main components of the essential oil, different chemical types are divided, PA type characteristic with perillaldehyde and limonene, PK type characteristic with perillaketone, PL type characteristic with perillene, PP type characteristic with aromatic compounds, and several other rare types. The quality of medicine is affected by chemical types of essential oil. In a famous Chinese patent medicine Huo Xiang Zheng Qi, leaf essential oil was directly as raw materials, and the oil is restricted as perillaldehyde not less than 25% and perillene not less than 20%.The first work of this thesis is investigation of Perilla resources in China, and evaluation of their volatile oil constituents by GC/MS. According to the investigation results, two categories were divided according the production manner:wild resources and cultivated resources. Wide resource is mostly medicine-used, from Henan, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, attributed to P. frutescens var. acuta, PK and PA types, mainly PK. Cultivated resources can also be divided as three categories according usage. The medicine-used resources are from Hebei, Anhui, Chongqing, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa, the later mostly PA type. The seed-used resources mainly for edible oil are from Gansu, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Chongqing and Yunnan provinces, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens, all PK type. The fresh eating-used for export resources are from Jiangsu, Lianyungang, Shandong and Zhejiang, attribute P. frutescens var. frutescens and P. frutescens var. crispa, all PA type. Perilla resources in China are mainly PK type, about 60%, then PA type, about 30%. PL type is rare one, only one resource was found. The situation of PA and PL type existing in one resource was not found.To explore the effects of growth and developmental stages of Perilla on volatile oil chemotypes and components,3 Perilla germplasm, each attribute to PA-type, PK-type and PL-type respectively, were planted in Beijing experiment field. In three growth periods, vegetative, flowering, fruiting, mature leaves were collected in the morning, noon and evening. The oil yield of PA type and PL type were significantly higher in vegetative period than other periods, otherwise, vegetative and flowing period of PK type is about equal high. As for constituents change,5 higher in relative content compounds are compared in each type. In PA type, the relative content of perillaldehyde, D-limonene, trans-shisool and two sesquiterpenes were less changed. In PK type, the relative content of perillaketone was gradually raised and isoegomaketone decreased while the sum remains stable with development. In PL type, the relative content of perillene was radically reduced with development while the relative contents of sesquiterpene constituents were gradually raised.50 cultivated Perilla seeds were collected and planted in Beijing experiment field for morphology and chemical-type research to evaluate the germplasm and breed of variety. 18 morphological characteristics were selected and clustering analysis was carried out based on these. Six categories was divided:â… :6 germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. crispa, the color of leaves mainly purple,5 chemical-types:EK, PAPK, PKPA, PA and PK; â…¡:6 germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with leaf color mainly green, all PK type; â…¢:17 germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with leaf color upside green and underside purple, all PK; â…£:4 germplasms, attributed to P. frutescens var. acuta, all PK; â…¤:7 germplasm, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with green leaves, all PK; â…¥:10 germplasm, attributed to P. frutescens var. frutescens with thick and crapy leaves, PK, PP, PL and PA.22 seeds were planted in Gansu experimental field also in same period. The differences between Beijing and Gansu are mainly altitude and annual sunshine hours. The chemical types were changed in 4 samples, such as Beijing PA-Gansu PK(No.17), Beijing EK-Gansu PAPK(25), Beijing EKPA-Gansu PAPK(27), Beijing PK-Gansu PP(37); The main components samples with same chemical type were similar (8 samples) or in slightly different(10 samples). It can be concluded that chemical type and main constitutes will mostly be same despite the growing environment, but for some germplasm with more than one type main chemicals will be easily changed.