The Clinical Features And Etiology Factors For Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Objective: Autism spectrum disorders(ASD) is a syndrome of pervasive neurodevelopmental dysfunction. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear today. The thesis is intended to use the case-control study to investigate the risk factors affecting the incidence of ASD, which can provide a theoretical basis for the etiology and pathogenesis. By analyzing the cognitive characteristics of children with ASD, the thesis is designed to achieve the clinical basis for early detection, early diagnosis and purposeful rehabilitation, which play a guiding role for the ASD prevention and rehabilitation.Method: Descriptive study is combined with retrospective case-control study. 100 children with autism spectrum disorder(who meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria) were collected from a department of psychological medical center in Qingdao, of which 85 cases of males and 15 females; in the control group, 100 healthy children were selected from five kindergartens in Qingdao with 83 male cases and 17 females. Use Beijing-Gesell Developmental Scale(GDS) to test the cognitive level for children under three years old with ASD, children aged 4 to 6 adopted the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for preschool children of Chinese version, 6 to 16 years old children used the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for school-age children of Chinese version; Risk factors were obtained through self-administered questionnaires and Autism Behavior Checklist, Clancy Autism Behavior Scale, baby-junior high school student social life ability scale, Eysenck Personality Questionnaires,Family Environment Scale of Chinese version(FES- CV scale) completed by parents. All data analysis was completed by SPSS 1 9.0 statistical software.Result:Among 100 children cases with ASD, two children were excluded, because they can’t cooperate to complete the test. The result showed that 84% of children are with low intelligence, and the development of various energy region is not balance. The ability of gross motor develops well, and fine movement takes the second place. But the personal and social skills and the language ability are the worst. The scale of children with ASD showed that, ABC all sub-scales score( especially the ability of associate and language scored the highest) and total score and clancy behavior scale total score is significantly higher than the control group; The score of S-M Social adaptation scale is significantly lower than the control group. These differences were statistically significant( P<0.01).Single factor analysis is used to analyze growth factors of children. The result of single factor analysis showed that there were 19 variables had statistically significant:father’s personality, mother’s personality, family history, the main way of education, family upbringing, pregnancy and pregnancy adverse factors contact(smoking and passive smoking, mental stimulation), pregnancy complications, pregnancy complications(premature rupture of amniotic membrane), medication history, pregnancy cesarean delivery, intrauterine distress, history of diseases of newborn babies(neonatal jaundice), feeding way, time to watch TV every day, whether toy mainly plastic toys. The data used multivariate Logistic Regression analysis to analyze. The result showed that factors affecting ASD disease are listed: premature rupture of amniotic membrane(OR = 17.72, p<0.05), the history of diseases of newborn babies(OR=3.78, p<0.01), pregnancy and pregnancy contact undesirable factors(OR = 3.44, p < 0.01),cesarean section(OR= 2.80, p<0.05);And protective factors have often go out(OR =0.03, p<0.01), breastfeeding(OR = 0.12, p < 0.05), the traditional family education(OR = 0.20, p < 0.05).Conclusion:This thesis found that cesarean delivery, pregnancy and poor contact factors during pregnancy, the newborn history of disease, premature rupture of amniotic membrane, feeding ways, family education and nurturing environment may affect the onset of autism spectrum disorders, especially the relationship between premature rupture of amniotic membrane for its incidence is most closely. If we can avoid the above all kinds of risk factors, we can prevent the disease to some extent. Be familiar with the cognitive characteristics and clinical manifestations of children with autism spectrum disorders, such as finding abnormal, we can discovery, diagnose and treat early not to miss the best treatment period and reduce the burden on society and family.