The Analysis Of Breath With Chronic Renal Failure By Extractive Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

With the change of the lifestyle and entering an aging society, the morbidity of Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD) is gradually increased. For the extremely powerful compensatory function of kidney, the early prevention, detection, treatment and prognosis of CKD has a practical significance under the condition of non-invasive, nondestructive, and safety. For hitherto breath has became the sample in metabonomics for the sake of its close connection with heart and lung and important physiological and pathological status information as a non-invasive sample, simple sampling and continuous available. What’s more, an important aspect of modern breath analysis is the development of diagnostic methodologies and techniques. This paper briefly reviewed the clinical diagnosis and treatment of Chronic Renal Failure(CRF), introduced the exhaled breath sampling method and detecting technology. Furthermore, research on the application of extractive electrospraying ionization mass spectrometry(EESI-MS) in human exhaled breath. Then a novel platform was building for direct detection of breath with CRF.1) Analysis of CRF patients’ exhaled breath by EESI and high-resolution mass spectrometry.A novel platform of detection of breath in vivo was constructed by a homemade EESI source coupling LTQ-Orbitrap-XL mass spectrometer. Under a system optimization, exhaled breath from healthy volunteers before/after meal was analyzed in vivo. Mass spectral fingerprints of exhaled breath from healthy subjects were recorded within 1 s. A total of 36 mass spectra were statistically analyzed. Principal component analysis(PCA) showed a clear temporal evolution of the breath patterns. And the identification of endogenous and exogenous biomarkers was made. Elementary compositions(molecular formula) of target compounds was investigated by orbitrap mass spectrometer. Based on this method, the breath of CFR patients was analyzed. We find that a different mass spectral fingerprints of exhaled breath from patient and some biomarker for patient-specific. It illustrated the results compared with the clinical via cross validation. Coupling PCA, the fingerprints can be differentiated the patient from the control group. What’s more, exhaled breath molecular profiles of healthy subjects show gender-specific variation.2)The semi-quantitative analysis of cretinine in CRF patients’ exhaled breath by EESI-MS.Under the optimization of the EESI working conditions and the selection extractive factors of exhaled breath, a quickly off-line detection of creatinine in breath was analyzed and creatinine’ concentration changes in CRF exhaled breath after dialysis was observed without any complicated sample collection and pretreatment. The sharp drop of creatinine in breath is in accord with the aim of dialysis, which filter the toxin in blood, compared with the clinical via cross validation. The results show the potential application to off-line study other bio-marker in breath, on account of quickly analysis, briefly operate and easily accepted by subject.