The Features Of Short-term Memory Information Extracting And Mental Rotation In Children With Learning Disabilities

Purposes:(1)To research the learning disabilities children’s characteristics of instant message processing while extracting the Short-term memory information.(2)To realize the learning disabilities children’s mental rotation and the level situation of visual space cognition.(3)To explore the dyslexic children and mathematics disabled children in the field of instant message processing.Methods:(1)Choosing42dyslexic children and42mathematics disabled children and43normal students from827students in Grade4to6into groups by using Psychiatric Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV, Raven’s Intelligence Test, Children’s Learning Disabilities Selection Table, teachers’ assessment and so on.(2)The first experiment takes Sternberg’s short-term memory information extracting paradigm to present the response time and accuracy when choosing affirmative(condition1) or negative(condition2) response by using members, Chinese numbers, Chinese characters and graphs as experimental materials. The second experiment takes Shepard’s representation mental rotation paradigm to present the response time and accuracy when choosing erect image(condition1) or mirror image(condition2) result by using members, Chinese numbers, Chinese characters and general characters as experimental materials.Results:(1)In the first experiment, there is a significant difference between learning disabilities children and normal children in the aspect of response time(Condition1:F(2,120)=3.924, p=0.022, η2=0.060; Condition2:F (2,120)=3.048, p=0.050, η2=0.048). In the aspect of accuracy, there is a marginal significant between learning disabilities children and normal children in condition1(F(2.120)=2.727, P=0.069, η2=0.043); No matter in condition1or2, there is no difference between dyslexic children and mathematics disabled children in the aspects of response time and accuracy.(2)In the second experiment, there is a significant difference between learning disabilities children and normal children in the aspect of response time(Condition1:F(2,120)=3.844, p=0.024, η2=0.059; Condition2:F (2,120)=2.964, p=0.055, η2=0.046). Among these three groups, dyslexic children react more slowly than mathematics disabled children and normal children. In the aspect of accuracy, there exist a significant difference between learning disabilities children and normal children(Condition1:F (2,120)=5.700, p=0.004, η2=0.085; Condition2:F (2,120)=4.022, p=0.020, η2=0.062). Among these, the accuracy of mathematics disabled children significantly lower than normal children, and also lower than dyslexic children.Conclusions:(1)No matter in short-term memory information extracting or mental rotation activities, the reaction efficiency of learning disabilities children is lower than normal children. This reflects that learning disabilities children have obvious problems in cognitive process level.(2)The cognitive defect of dyslexic children shows up in the aspect of response time, and the lower accuracy is the main problem of mathematics disabled children.(3)Dyslexic children and mathematics disabled children have different manufacturing deficiencies in cognitive activities.