The Survey Study On The Relationship Between Living Environment And Children’s Health Problem In Two Cities Of Cold Region

In recent years, prevalence rate of children’s allergic diseases gradually increases, children’s health problems are not optimistic. As people stay indoors for more time and new building materials, daily necessities, households and equipments are introduced into living environment, this more complex environment does more influence on children’s health. In the face of exploration for potential hazards of children’s allergic diseases today, not only from the view of "hygiene hypothesis","food hypothesis" and other medical point of view, but also from perspective of "living environment". Therefore, epidemiological cross-sectional survey method was used this study that270school-age children of Grade Four and Five from two cities in cold regions-the coastal city of Dalian and the inland city of Beijing, were conducted in November2012. Then10residents from each of two regions were selected to be measured to detect environmental information, physical pollution, chemical pollution, biological pollution and other a total of10residential environment information.In the questionnaire survey, the correlation of between living environment and allergic diseases were studied from the "living environment","residential facilities and lifestyle","on the child’s state of health" and "health of the family", in total of four categories of83questions. Questionnaire survey results showed that there were different in housing situation and winter and summer temperature and humidity between the two cities’ respondents, and no more significantly differences on the other environmental factors and behaviors. The prevalence rate of allergic diseases was analyzed. It was found that the prevalence rate of respondents from two cities was basically same, the largest proportion was suffered from some kind of allergy before (55.0%in Dalian,41.3%in Beijing), followed by people with allergic diseases (38.3%,28.0%), suffering from some kind of allergy now (35.8%,25.3%), pollinosis (32.5%,22.0%), atopic dermatitis (10.8%,10.7%), persistent cough (10.8%,10.7%), persistent phlegm (10.8%,10.7%), respiratory allergies (10.8%,10.7%), suffering from asthma symptoms now (10.8%,10.7%), suffered from asthma symptoms before (10.8%,10.7%).In the field survey, temperature and humidity, CO2, volatile organic compounds (VOC), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), planktonic fungi, accumulated fungi, adherent fungi and indoor fine particulate matter PM2.5were sampled and tested in measured households. The results showed that due to the difference of two urban climate, indoor temperature and humidity fluctuations in Dalian was small compared with Beijing, and then outdoor relative humidity was higher in Dalian. The concentration of chemical contaminants was severer in Dalian than in Beijing, while the concentration of biological contaminants was severer in Beijing than Dalian (planktonic fungi excepted). The mass concentration of indoor and outdoor PM2.5in Beijing was higher than in Dalian, affected by the regional air quality of JING-JIN-JI megalopolis.Finally, this study did a in-depth inquiry on the correlation between living environment and children’s allergic diseases by kinds of hypothesis testing methods. Questionnaires’ hypothesis testing results showed that living in the surrounding road, re-decoration, updating ventilation equipment, moist sensation, milk feeding in lactation, usually light sleep were risk factors of certain allergic diseases; field measurement test results showed that SVOC, planktonic fungi, accumulated fungi had a positive effect on disease group of illness, while adherent fungi had a negative effect.