Biodiversity Analysis Of Rice Nutritional Composition And Its Application

ObjectivesFood security and nutrition problem is one of the most important problems that governments concerned about.The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is actively promoting the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity which is one path leading to food and nutrition security and sustainable development. Rice is one of the important staple foods in the world. China is the world’s largest rice producer and consumer countries, which has more than50,000varieties of rice. The amount of nutritional ingredients contained in the different varieties of rice varies widely.Therefore, in order to understand China’s rice nutrients biological diversity distribution and conduct a preliminary study of its application,442varieties of rice from different regions were collected and their nutrients (protein, calcium, copper, manganese, zinc) were analysed; and nutritional composition biodiversity database of rice were established to provide data support for studies on rice biodiversity.Methods442rice samples from15provinces were measured.Protein was analysed by GB5009.5-2010Kjeldahl method;calcium, copper, manganese, zinc were analysed by ICP-OES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry determination.The single-factor analysis of variance method was used to test the difference between the varieties and regions of rice nutrient content; multiple linear regression method was used to analysis the relationship between rice nutrient content and variety, area, planting harvest time; nutrient adequacy ratio was calculated to analysis the influence of rice nutrients biodiversity on dietary assessment; the percentile method were used to determine the range of values of the content of traditional rice nutrients.The literature comparative analysis method was used to analyse the similarities and differences of food data expression in domestic and foreign food composition database. On this basis, we establish nutritional composition biodiversity database of rice.Results1. Biodiversity distribution of nutrients contained in riceProtein, calcium, copper, manganese, zinc content of62specific rice varieties varied greatly, which reflected the biodiversity of rice nutrients. Nutrient content of different rice varieties in different areas have some differences. Considering rice varieties, planting and harvesting time and geographical factors,the results of multiple linear regression analysis show the impact of regional factors on rice protein and mineral content was bigger than varieties and planting and harvest time.2. The application of nutritional composition biodiversity data of riceThe study found that if we intake different rice varieties, the nutrient content we got was different. So we can guide people to choose rice varieties with higher nutritional content to improve dietary and nutritional status. when using nutrients content value range to conducting substantial equivalence analysis of the nutritional content about transgenic rice, we need to take variety and area factors into account.50%,80%,90%and95%reference value range of the rice’s nutritional ingredient content were got.3. The establishment of nutritional composition biodiversity database of riceFood description, nutrients name and food composition data expression had some differences in food composition table of different countries. Comprehensive investigation of all aspects, the framework of nutritional composition biodiversity database of rice was determined as follows:the main content of the database consists of two parts, instructions for use and the database. The food description includes11kinds of information.The database contains131nutrients, nutrients name was expressed in chinese and Tagname two forms. Expression on the part of the nutrition data were standardized. Five kinds of non-data-expression symbols were selected:-Tr,(),0, un.The number of Subspecies data included in the database was491, the number of specific varieties of rice data was66. The total number of nutrient data included in the database was4140.Conclusions1. Nutrient content of different rice varieties in different regions varies widely, suggesting the need for further study on the rice nutrients biodiversity, so as to understand China’s rice nutrition status of biodiversity.2. When we intake the highest and the lowest content nutrients of rice varieties, the intake of nutrients in our body vary widely. So if we use the average content of rice nutrients on nutritional assessment, it will cause underestimation or overestimation.3. when using nutrients content value range to conducting substantial equivalence analysis of the nutritional content about transgenic rice, we need to take variety and area factors into account. This study provides reference data for transgenic rice nutrients substantial equivalence analysis.4. Food description, nutrients name and food composition data expression has some differences in food composition table of different countries. Nutritional composition biodiversity database of rice provides a framework for the biodiversity databases of other food. The establishment of nutritional composition biodiversity database of rice has filled the gaps in Chinese rice nutritional composition data on biodiversity.