Lead Exposure Assessment Of Commercial Food Of Residents In Shanghai

[Objective]To understand the situation of lead pollution in food and food consumption of Shanghai residents; to calculate the lead intake by eating commercially available food; to assess the risk of lead in commercially available food for human health hazards.[Methods]Various types of food samples collected by using stratified random sampling method, and tested by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry; residents investigated by Dietary Recall Methods, preschoolers investigated by Food Frequency Questionnaire and Dietary Recall Methods. Intake assessment model would be established to estimate the lead exposure of kinds of people through various types of food in-taking. Crystall Ball software and Monte Carlo principle would be simulated to probabilistically assess lead intake of different types of people.[Results]Monitoring results showed that cereals and soy lead levels below the detection limits standard of various types of food lead.The lead detection level averages of vegetable, meat, poultry, aquatic products, eggs, dairy products and fruits were 0.061mg/kg,0.068mg/kg,0.158mg/kg,0.020mg/kg,0.039mg/kg and 0.033mg/kg. And the overall exceeding rate of vegetable, meat, poultry, aquatic products, eggs, dairy products and fruits were 1.8%,0.5%,1.5%,2.1%,0.5% and 5.0%. From 2008 to 2011, the averages amount of lead exposure of Shanghai residents through consumption of food were 35.243μg/d,56.863μg/d,33.029μg/d and 33.398μg/d, corresponding MOS were 16.44%,26.53%,15.41% and 15.58%. There were significant differences in the level of lead exposure(P<0.001), and the lead exposure in 2009 is the highest level.According probabilistic assessment, from 2008 to 2011, the proportion of residents whose lead exposure less than PTDI were 99.43%, 98.92%,99.52% and 99.53%. The main influenced factors of lead exposure were lead content of leafy vegetable, rice, flour, fresh fruits; and intake of leafy vegetable, rice,fresh fruit. Exposure assessment of preschool children showed that the averages amount of lead exposure was 26.03μg/d,corresponding MOS was 76.58%. The averages amount of lead exposure of male preschool children and female preschool children were 27.14μg/d and 24.80μg/d; corresponding MOS were 79.85% and72.96%. The proportion of preschool children whose lead exposure less than PTDI was 84.45%. The proportion of male preschool children and female preschool children whose lead exposure less than PTDI were 82.57% and 86.48%. The main influenced factors of lead exposure were lead content of dairy products, cereals, aquatic products and poultry meat.[Conclusion]The decrease risk of lead exposure suggested that the supervision to control lead contamination of various types of food in Shanghai is effective. To avoid the health hazards of non-occupational lead exposure, some food needs be strictly regulated such as leafy vegetables, rice, flour and fresh fruit,which were the largely influenced factors of food lead exposure.