| Objective:This study aimed to investigate the negative emotions among adolescent exposed to explosion accident and their relationship with personality factors, childhood trauma, explosion exposure and neighborhood environment, and to explore the predictive factors of PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms.Methods:Adolescents in 7th and 8th grade were recruited from a junior middle school close to the 2013 pipeline explosion site in China, and administered a battery of questionnaires including General Information and Neighborhoods Environment Questionnaire, PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90), Explosion Exposure Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and to assess the general information, neighborhoods environment, PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms, explosion exposure, childhood trauma and neuroticism. PTSD, depression and anxiety scores between different demographic groups and other factors were compared using independent samples t-test or one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs). Pearson correlation analyses were used to test the relationship between neuroticism and PTSD, depression and anxiety symptoms. Finally, predictors of PTSD, depression, anxiety symptoms were tested using linear regression analyses.Results:(1) 662 subjects were included in the study. The prevalence of childhood trauma was: physical abuse 10.3%, physical neglect 59.8%, emotional abuse 14.7%, emotional neglect 32.3%. The detection rates of explosion exposure variables including injury or death of any family member or relative, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, house damage, property loss, perceived impact were:2.6%,17.4%,78.5%,3.9%,2.3%,25.7% respectively. Neighborhood environment variable:detection rates of neighbor violence, neighbors in imprisonment, neighbors with psychosis and neighbor with alcoholism were:3.8%, 1.1%,2.0%,3.8% respectively. The total score of neuroticism was 27.81±8.76.(2) The total score of PCL-C, depression, anxiety symptoms were:26.72±11.84, 4.56±6.89,4.10±6.21; the presence rate of PTSD symptoms was 13.1%, depression symptoms 4.2%, anxiety symptoms 3.5%.(3) Univariate analysis for PTSD symptoms found that, PCL-C scores of girls, older age, high grade, ranking in the middle and lower were higher (t=-3.41, P<0.01; F= 6.82, P<0.01; t=-5.02, P<0.001; F= 3.55, P<0.05); PCL-C scores of those who had experienced physical abuse, emotional abuse, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, house damage, perceived impact, neighbor with alcoholism were higher than those who had not(r=-2.17, P<0.05; t=-3.33, P <0.01;t=-4.65, P<0.001;t= 7.54, P<0.001;t= 2.29, P< 0.05;t= 11.62, P<0.001; t= 2.23, P<0.05); Neuroticism score was positively correlated with PTSD symptoms (r= 0.374, P<0.001).(4) Regression analysis showed that, controlling for gender, age, grade, grade ranking, the total model accounted for 42% of the variance in PTSD symptoms (F= 33.26, P <0.001); Neuroticism accounted for 12% of the variance in PTSD symptoms (P <0.001); Injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, and perceived impact accounted for a total of 23% of the variance of PTSD symptoms (P<0.01).(5) Univariate analysis for depressive symptoms found that, depression scores of girls were higher than boys (t=-3.35, P<0.01); Depression scores of those who had experienced physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, perceived impact, neighbor violence and neighbors with psychosis were higher than those who had not (t=-2.16, P<0.05; t=-5.77, P<0.001;t=-4.20, P<0.001; t=-3.63, P< 0.001; t= 4.24, P<0.001; t= 4.59, P<0.001; t= 2.17, P<0.05;t= 3.02, P<0.01); Neuroticism score was positively correlated with depressive symptoms (r= 0.533, P<0.001).(6) Regression analysis showed that, controlling for gender, the total model accounted for 35% of the variance in depressive symptoms (F=34.32, P<0.001); Neuroticism accounted for 27% of the variance in depressive symptoms, with statistical significance (P<0.001); Predicting role of emotional abuse was statistically significant (P<0.05), accounting for 2% of the total variance; Injury or death of any acquaintance and perceived impact accounted for 2% of the variance in depressive symptoms (P<0.05); Neighbors violence and neighbors with psychosis accounted for 2% of the variance in depressive symptoms (P<0.05).(7) Univariate analysis for anxiety symptoms found that, girls scored higher than boys (t=-3.36, P<0.01); Anxiety score of those who had experienced emotional abuse, emotional neglect, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, perceived impact were higher than those who had not (t=-4.60, P <0.001;t=-3.03, P<0.01; t=-3.18, P<0.01;t= 5.23, P<0.001; t= 5.47, P<0.001); Neuroticism and anxiety scores were positively correlated (r= 0.472, P<0.001).(8) Regression analysis showed that, after controlling for gender, the total model accounted for 28% of the variance in anxiety symptoms (F=35.87, P<0.001); Neuroticism accounted for 21% of the variance of anxiety symptoms, with statistical significance (P<0.001); Predicting role of emotional abuse was statistically significant (P<0.05), accounting for 0.6% of the total variance; Witnessing the injury or death of someone and perceived impact accounted for 4% of the variance in anxiety symptoms (P<0.05).Conclusions:(1) Adolescent exposed to explosion accident may suffer from a certain degree of negative emotions. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 13.1%, depressive symptoms 4.2%, anxiety symptoms 3.5%.(2) PTSD symptoms of adolescent exposed to explosion accident were related to gender, age, grade, grade ranking, neuroticism, physical abuse, emotional abuse, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, house damage, perceived impact and neighbor with alcoholism; Gender, grade, neuroticism, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone and perceived impact were predictors of PTSD symptoms.(3) Depressive symptoms of adolescent exposed to explosion accident were related to gender, neuroticism, physical neglect, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, perceived impact, neighbor violence and neighbors with psychosis. Gender, neuroticism, emotional abuse, injury or death of any acquaintance, perceived impact, neighbor violence and neighbors with psychosis were predictors of depressive symptoms.(4) Anxiety symptoms of adolescent exposed to explosion accident were related to gender, neuroticism, emotional abuse, emotional neglect, injury or death of any acquaintance, witnessing the injury or death of someone, perceived impact; Gender, neuroticism, emotional abuse, witnessing the injury or death of someone, and perceived impact were predictors of anxiety symptoms. |
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