| [Objective]To explore the relationship between life-course drinking exposure and chronic disease including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes through a large sample cohort investigation in rural Shandong, aims to provide scientific basis on improving healthy drinking style and prevent chronic disease.[Methods]All together 7370 objectives aged 15 years old and over were enrolled in the investigation by randomized cluster sampling from the health research base of Shandong university including Junan,Pingyin and Liangshan city. Use a retrospective life-course risk exposure measuring scale to record the alcohol consumption exposure of rural residents from the age of 15 to the current age and mark the turning point in the interview-administrated questionnaire through household investigations.The data of initial drinking age, drinking span, drinking species, drinking frequency and average daily alcohol intake were collected as well as chronic diseases of rural residents such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Alcohol consumption characteristics were analyzed by descriptive analysis and use chi-square test to analyze the relationship of drinking exposure and chronic disease. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influence of drinking pattern, smoking pattern, social demographic factors and anthropometric indicators on chronic disease.[Results]1. The alcohol consumption characteristicsOf all subjects in rural Shandong, drinkers were 1447 and the overall drinking rate was 19.63%. The drinking rate of man was statistically higher than woman (χ2=2139.17, P<0.001),46.83% for man and 2.79% for woman respectively. The drinking rate for both man and woman was positive correlated with the increase of age, and the difference was significant (χ2trend男=113.418,χ2trend女=5.214, 均 P <0.05)The primary drinking species was liquor with a percentage of 82.45, the beer followed with 2.78% and subjects barely drink red wine. The mean starting drinking age for man was 27.35 years old and 36.31 for woman. Man drink 9 years earlier than woman (t=-8.583, P<0.001)The minimum initial drinking age was 12 years old while the maximum age was 78 years old. The average drinking span were 25 years,25.82 years for man and 22.54 years for woman, man drink 3 year more longer than woman (t=2.475, P<0.001)The drinking frequency distribution for daily alcohol consumption for daily drinking(30times/month or higher), often drinking (15-times/month), occasional drinking (5～ times/month), seldom drinking(l-times/month), almost no alcohol consumption (<1 time/month) were 57.77%,7.33%,22.67%,9.12%,3.11% respectively.57.7 percent of subjects drinking everyday,22.67 percent of subjects drinking occasionally. The average drinking frequency for both man and woman were 21 times monthly and the difference were not significant (t=0.366, P>0.05)The daily alcohol consumption of man(10.90g) was higher than woman (6.74g) (t=3.877, P<0.01).The slight drinker with alcohol intake less than 10 g daily accounted for a large proportion of 65.79%, the heavy drinker with 30g alcohol intake or more occupied 6.98% and modest drinker with 10～30 gram alcohol intake occupied 27.23%. 83.46% woman and 64.09% man were slight drinker, while 7.35% man and 3.15% woman were heavy drinker.The distribution of alcohol consumption for both man and woman was statistically different (χ2=19.33,p<0.01)2.Association between drinking exposure and chronic diseaseThe prevalence of hypertension was the highest among the main five chronic disease with 14.9%, coronary heart disease take the second place with 5.07%, then hyperlipidemia, stroke, diabetes followed with 3.28%,2.28%,2.90%. Drinkers showed slightly higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and stroke compared to non-drinkers and the differences were significant(χ2=6.608、4.925、9.902, both P<0.05). The prevalence of chronic heart disease and diabetes of drinkers were lower than non-drinkers but not significant.Drinkers with frequency of 1-4 monthly had lower prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, while drinkers with frequency of 5～14 monthly had lower risk for coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. The prevalence of chronic disease showed "J" shape with the increase of drinking span and drinkers with a span of 5～15 years had the lowest risk, and the prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes were 8.3%、2.2%、0.7%、0.7%、0.7% respectively,far less than the the overall prevalence of disease which was 14.9%、 3.28%、5.07%、2.28%、2.90%.The age of initial drinking were positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease. Subjects started drinking in their middle ages from 30 years old showed increased risks for all kind of chronic disease than in the other ages.Liquor drinkers showed higher risk for disease compared to beer drinkers for all five kind of disease. Subjects consuming alcohol 30g/d or more tend to suffer from hypertension, coronary heart disease and diabetes compared with less alcohol intake.Multivariate logistic regression-analysis showed that drinking pattern was risk factors for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and stroke, and the OR value were 2.821(2.377～3.346),2.555(1.904～3.428),3.246(2.532～4.163), 1.454(0.943～2.241) for each. Past-year drinking pattern and past year smoking pattern were considered as risk factor for hypertension with the OR value of 2.207(1.640,2.970) and 1.874(0.984～1.841). Past-year smoking pattern was also important risk factor for hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease and stroke, with OR value of 1.747(1.141～2.677),1.973(1.204～3.23) and 2.311(1.301-4.104).Apart from drinking and smoking, the study revealed that old ages(more than 60) are more likely to suffer from chronic disease such as hypertension and diabetes with the OR value of 1.288(1.038～1.599) and 1.930(1.312～2.838). The married and divorced subjects have higher risk for coronary heart disease and diabetes with the OR value of 9.014(2.844～144.995),13.166(5.422～287.784),7.547(2.964～662.554), 7.138 (2.771～659.338).The housekeeping people tend to suffer from diabetes and coronary heart disease with the OR value of 1.596(0.980,2.597) and 1.532(1.003～2.339). Institutions crowd and doctor have higher risk for coronary heart disease with the OR value 2.173(1.200～3.936).[Conclusion]1. The drinking rate in the rural Shandong is slightly lower than the whole drinking rate in china.The drinking rate, drinking span and daily alcohol consumption for man is statistically higher than woman.The drinking rate increase with the growth of age for both man and woman.2. The ratio of daily drinking was the highest,and the main drinking style was drinking everyday with small quantity of alcohol consumption.3. Drinkers showed slightly higher prevalence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and stroke compared to non-drinkers while the prevalence of chronic heart disease and diabetes of drinkers were lower than non-drinkers.Drinkers with frequency of 1～4 time monthly and alcohol consumption less than 30 gram were associated with lower risks for chronic disease, especially for hypertension and hyperlipidemia.4. The prevalence of chronic disease showed "J" shape with the increase of drinking span and drinkers with 5～15 years drinking span had the lowest risk for chronic disease. Starting drinking age was positive correlated with the prevalence of hypertension and coronary heart disease, starting drinking at middle age over 30 years old was risk factors for chronic diseases.5. Drinkers with wine had the highest risk compared with drinkers with beer. Past-year drinking pattern and past-year smoking pattern were also risk factors for hypertension.6. Age, marital status, weight, labor type have influence on the incidence of chronic disease. |
PDF Full Text Request