| BackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a kind of delayed type cutaneous hypersensitivity (DTH) disease, which is mediated by hapten-effector T cells and stimulated by the interaction process between allergen and skin. Many studies have shown that metal nickel is one of the most important chemicals inducing ACD both in China and the world-wide countries and regions; to further clarify the pathogenesis of nickel allergic contact dermatitis has become an important problem that is urgent to be solved at present.X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is a kind of advanced element analysis method and the synchrotron radiation is the ideal light source of XRF analysis. The study intends to establish guinea pig Nickel allergic contact dermatitis animal models and obtain skin samples, and uses the synchrotron radiation XRF analysis method to explore the pathogenesis of nickel allergic contact dermatitis.Objective1. To establish the animal model of allergic contact dermatitis;2. To reveal the distribution of nickel in skin tissues under the pathological state of nickel ACD;3. To reveal the distribution of copper, iron, zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium under the pathological state of nickel ACD.Methods1. Guinea pigs model of allergic contact dermatitis was established;2. The samples of nickel allergic contact dermatitis guinea pig skin tissue was obtained, to analyzes the nickel element content under different depth of skin tissue after the specific dispose and by synchrotron radiation XRF analysis method, to compare with the nickel element data of the control group guinea pig skin samples with the same detection method;3. In the meanwhile, to get the element content data of copper, iron, zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium in different groups by SR-XRF analysis method, and to observe the correlation with the content of the nickel element of the same ACD guinea pig skin tissue.Results1. Through the sensitization and stimulation of nickel sulfate in the different time nodes,2 groups of nickel allergic contact dermatitis guinea pigs and 2 control groups of guinea pigs are successfully obtained, with 8 ones in each group and a total of 32 ones. Rash severity appears very high positive correlation with the nickel element content in skin tissues.2. The analysis of the skin samples of 32 guinea pigs shows that nickel element can enter the body through the skin; the content increases at least for 48 hours in the skin tissue; after 16 days, the cumulative effect decreases significantly. Besides, nickel content in different depth of skin is influenced whether the individuals have nickel allergic contact dermatitis, whether the skin is the previous skin damage allergic to nickel and presents different microcell distribution.3. The nickel element content in skin tissues shows highly positive correlation with arsenic content while it has no significant correlation with the content of copper, iron, zinc, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.Conclusion1. Through the sensitization and stimulation of nickel sulfate, animal model of allergic contact dermatitis can be successfully established;2. Under the pathological condition of nickel allergic contact dermatitis, the distribution of nickel element in skin tissue has a series of characteristics;3. Nickel and arsenic present significant correlation in nickel allergic contact dermatitis disease tissues;4. The synchrotron radiation element analysis method has a certain value for allergic contact dermatitis researches.Anemophilous plants produce a lot of pollen particles during pollination period. They will fly in the air and become one of the important causes of allergy. The pollen seasonal drift not only closely affects the incidence of hay fever, but also is significantly associated with length of the course and states of illness of patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR). In recent years, the incidence of diseases related to pollen allergy has shown an accelerating rising trend, greatly affected the health of the relevant sensitive people, and triggered a series of social problems including the decline of the related people’life quality, the aggravation of social medical burden and the loss of labor. From 1983 to 1986, Allergic Reaction Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital held four-year atmospheric pollen investigations and provided precious materials for China’s allergy clinical work in the 20th century. For more than 30 years, the urbanization of Beijing has been quite significant. The types and quantity of airborne pollen inevitably have had corresponding change. Therefore, to reassess the seasonal drift situation not only can identify the change rule of airborne pollen in the Beijing, but also can help guide clinical work at the present stage.Objective1. To observe the species, amount changes of airborne pollen over the last 30 years in Beijing City;2. To find the meteorological factors affecting the amount of airborne pollen;3. To investigate the relationship between pollen amount and the incidence of pollinosis.Methods1. Daily airborne pollen monitoring was performed by Gravitational Method in Beijing from 2010 to 2013, and they were compared to the result during 1983 to 1986;2. Correlational analyses were conducted on the pollen amount and its related meteorological factors (temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine duration, precipitation) in 1983～1986 and 2010～2013.Results1. Compared with the 1980’s, there was a wider range and higher amount of airborne pollens in Beijing now. The Cupressaceae pollen has displaced Artemisia pollen as the most common pollen type in Beijing during the year 2010-2013, however the Ginkgo biloba pollen was the fastest growing pollen type. Throughout the year, there were two pollen amount peaks in Beijing City:from mid Mar to late Apr, from late Jul to late Sep;2. The total pollen amount was positively associated with the temperature and the sunshine duration. The counts of Artemisia pollen, Humulus pollen were negatively associated with the wind speed.ConclusionFollowing the time moving on and the urban development, the types and amounts of allergy-related pollen in Beijing have changed much, and led to a corresponding change to the allergen spectrum of allergy sufferers;2. The meteorological factors are very important to influence the amount of airborne pollen. |
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