| Objective1. Through the investigation and analysis of medical records of emergency patients, clear the characteristics of age, gender and disease, to provide the basis for knowledge reservation of the common disease in emergency department.2. This study research on the distribution regularity of TCM syndromes of emergency patients, investigate the pathogenesis regularity of the critical patients, to lay the foundation for the development and repletion of emergency of Chinese medicine.MethodsThis study collect the medical records of EM observation room in Guangdong province hospital of TCM between January2013and December2013by retrospective analysis, the data include:full name, sex, age, admission time, western medicine diagnosis, TCM diagnosis, TCM syndromes diagnosis and four diagnostic methods of TCM, collect the clinical information in time, establish a database using Excel software, and use SPSS19.0statistical software for analysis. The enumeration datas of disease and TCM syndromes are expressed as frequency and rate. The age of the measurement data is expressed as mean±standard deviation. At the same time, understanding the differences of the clinical characteristics and syndrome distribution of the emergency patients of different ages and different gender.Results1. The survey results of the clinical characteristic of emergency patients.(1) There are1312men and1376women in2688emergency patients, male: female=1:1.05, the age of emergency patients concentrated in over60years, accounting for75.82%of the total, the maximum age is109years old, the smallest14years old. The average age of emergency patients was70.28±16.52years old.(2) The disease diagnosis base on the first diagnosis of ICD-10as the disease classifiable standard, the most of patients are respiratory diseases, which are accounting for32.78%; the second of patients are digestive diseases, which are accounting for18.49%; the third of patients are circulatory system diseases, which are accounting for14.03%; the fourth of patients are nervous system diseases, which are accounting for9.67%; analysising the gender distribution of different system diseases, the results suggest that the male incidence more to the respiratory system disease, the famale incidence more to irculatory system, hematopoietic system and skeletal system disease.the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05)(3) The top25diagnosis or chief complaints of emergency patients account for77.84%of total diagnosis or chief complaints. The top6diagnosis or chief complaints are lung infection(482,17.93%), heart failure (217,8.07%), cerebral vascular diseases (189,7.03%), gastrointestinal bleeding (158,5.88%) chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (151,5.62%) and fever of unknown origin (119,4.43%), which are accounting for48.96%of all.(4) The number of emergency patients is very much in summer and winter, with multiple respiratory system, digestive system and irculatory system disease. In the top4diseases, The most number of emergency patients is in January, June and July. The least number of emergency patients is in November. The respiratory system disease mainly concentrated in the January, June, July and August, the digestive system disease mainly concentrated in June and July,the irculatory system disease mainly concentrated in January and December. The disease time of every system disease is different, the reason may be related to climate change and other factors.2. The distribution regularity of TCM syndromes of emergency patients.(1) The basic syndromes of emergency patients have twenty-six, mainly concentrated in deficiency of qi, phlegm, static blood, deficiency of yin, stagnation of qi, damp evil, pathogenic heat, deficiency of blood, deficiency of lung qi, deficiency of spleen qi, deficiency of kidney qi and wind heat. The most of basic syndromes are static blood, which have1684(62.65%). The second of basic syndromes are phlegm, which have1359(50.56%). The third of basic syndromes are deficiency of qi, which have1330(49.48%). The difference is statistically significant between the sex and basic syndromes of pathogenic heat, deficiency of yin and deficiency of lung qi (P<0.05).The men are more in syndromes of pathogenic heat and deficiency of lung qi, The women are more in deficiency of yin.(2) The disease time of basic syndromes of emergency patients has its own characteristics. Deficiency of qi and deficiency of lung qi mainly focus on June, July. Deficiency of spleen qi, deficiency of kidney qi and stagnation of qi mainly focus on January and December, damp evil mainly focus on March, April and May. Phlegm and static blood mainly focus on January, June and July. Pathogenic heat and wind heat mainly focus on summer. Deficiency of yin and deficiency of blood mainly focus on autumn.(3) In12basic syndrome, wind heat mainly concentrated in the young group and old group, deficiency of blood mainly concentrated in the middle-aged group and old group, the other10syndromes mainly concentrated in the young aged group and the old group. The syndromes of young group mainly focus on deficiency of qi, phlegm, static blood and pathogenic heat, the syndromes of other groups mainly focus on deficiency of qi, phlegm, static blood and phlegm.(4) In the analysis of the basic syndromes of each system diseases. The most of basic syndromes are phlegm, static blood, pathogenic heat, deficiency of lung qi, deficiency of kidney qi and wind heat in respiratory diseases. In circulatory system and nervous system diseases, the most of basic syndromes are static blood. In digestive diseases, the most of basic syndromes are stagnation of qi, damp evil, deficiency of spleen qi and deficiency of blood. In endocrine system disease, the most of basic syndromes are deficiency of yin. In hemopoietic system disease, the most of basic syndromes are deficiency of yin and deficiency of blood. In urinary system diseases, the most of basic syndromes are damp evil, pathogenic heat and deficiency of kidney qi. In the skeletal system diseases, the most of basic syndromes are static blood and stagnation of qi. In the gynecological and other diseases, the most of basic syndromes are stagnation of qi. In the skin diseases, the most of basic syndromes are damp evil and pathogenic heat. In the unknown diagnosis diseases, the most of basic syndromes are damp evil and wind heat.Conclusion1.The most of emergency patients are old people. Therefore, we should promote the whole society care for the senior citizen’s health, improve the quality of life of the elderly people, and realize the healthy aging. In addition, there are gender differences in the distribution of emergency patients, the risk of male patients suffering from respiratory disease is high, the risk of famale patients suffering from irculatory system, hematopoietic system and skeletal system diseased is high. We should notice it in clinical.2. Due to the different of the geographical environment, climate, customs, social culture and different levels of hospitals, whose spectrum of the disease is not the same, each have a characteristic. The most of patients are respiratory diseases, followed by the digestive system, circulatory system and nervous system. The disease time of every system disease has its intrinsic regularity. We should attach importance to the respiratory system and digestive system disease in the summer, and attach importance to the respiratory system and circulatory system disease in the winter.3. The basic syndromes of emergency patients mainly concentrated in deficiency of qi, phlegm, static blood, deficiency of yin, stagnation of qi, damp evil and pathogenic heat, deficiency of blood, deficiency of lung qi, deficiency of spleen qi, deficiency of kidney qi and wind heat. The basic syndromes of each system diseases has its own characteristics. For example, in circulatory system diseases, the most of basic syndromes are static blood, we should pay attention to promote blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treatment. On this basis, we can provide the basis for treatment based on syndrome differentiation of emergency patients.4. With the continuing healthcare reform. The spectrum of disease of emergency patients continuous change, more and more elderly or critically ill patients must make the transition in the emergency room. So, the analysis of characteristics of the disease of emergency patients should be ongoing, and we should combined with the epidemiological features, rationalize the emergency medical resources, these contribute to the sustainable development of the emergency department under the new situation. |
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