Analyses And Implications Of The Development Of The United States’ Space Biomedical Experiment Study

With the increasement of China’s space biomedical research technology, someremarkable successes have been achieved.For example, a TCM logic technology,which is of Chinese characteristics, has formed and our aerospace breedingtechnology is now in a wolrd leading level. However, due to various reasons, there arestill many problems in China’s space biomedical research: imperfect policies andinstitution, lack of theoretical foundation, relatively backward research technology,uneven development of research fields, imperfect operating mechanism,miscommunication, single funding sources, lack of long-acting talent cultivationmechanism and so on. At the geginning of the biomedical experiment study, the U.Salso encountered with many deficiencies within a period of time. Such as lack ofcontinuity for research plan, inadequate fund supply, slow development of researchtechnology, all of those forced the U.S to implement institutional reform, so as tostrengthen its international cooperation, and to propose commercial spaceflightdevelopment model. In1997, NASA and12academic institutions established theNational Space Biomedical Research Institute, which is now working oncountermeasures to the health-related problems and physical and psychologicalchallenges that astronauts will face in the long-duration missions. The HumanResearch Program (HRP) was established in October,2005at the Johnson SpaceCenter (JSC) in response to NASA’s decision to move human research programmanagement from Headquarters to the JSC and to focus its research investment onmitigating the highest risks to astronauts’ health and performance in support ofexploration missions. To strengthen international cooperation, some major SpaceBiomedical experiments of NASA were carried out on the International Space Station,and they have made remarkable achievements. So far, the U.S Space Biomedicalexperiment technologies have been in a world-class. Especially, its human researchtechnology and management experience of the International Space Station providereference to the development of our space biomedical research experiments. This paper adopts research methods as bibliometrics, literature survey, integratedanalysis and expert inquiry. The focusing points are analyses of organization andmanagement, operation mode, security mechanism, and the development direction,the key research areas of U.S biomedical experiments. Besides, the authorsummarized the experience of the U.S’ organization construction, operation andmanagement, training mechanism, especially, their advanced management experienceachieved in human research and on the International Space Station, all thosementioned above provide references to the study of China’s space biomedicalexperiments and balanced development of the station’s operation. This paper can bedivided into four parts.Through Literature review and Expert Advisory, the first part summaries thebackground of space biomedical experiment research, the basic concepts of spacebiomedical and their characteristics, the development process of the U.S. spacebiomedical experiments, the five major space flight programs since theimplementation of the U.S’space biomedical experiment study.The second part focuses on the analyses of the organization and management,regulations, funding, personnel training and operating mode of agency for the U.S’.space biomedical research experiments (such as the Johnson Space Center, NationalSpace Biomedical Research Institute); Generalization of the managementcharacteristics of American Space Biomedical experiment study, including thecentralization of decision-making，research and development of integrated, diversifiedmanagement mode, operation mode commercialization is also stated here.The third part analyzes the articles of―Aviation, Aerospace and EnvironmentalMedicine‖recorded from2000to2014by the method of Knowledge Mapping andbibliometrics. The aim is to figure out the United States’ space biomedical researchdirection. Analyses of the major research plans implemented by the United States’Space Biomedical experiment research institutions, the characteristics of "humanresearch program", and areas of research and development direction of the U.S.’spacebiomedicine as well as major research results are what discussed in this part.In the fourth part，on the basis of the analyses of the status on development andresearch of our space biomedical experiments and the existing problems as well as ouractual needs before2020, the author belives that we should learn from the U.S.’advanced technology and achievements in the study of Space Biomedical experimentsexperience, their successful experience of the International Space Stationso as to propose enlightenment of our country’s development: to improve our managementand mechanism, improve operational efficiency; to strengthen our overall planningand promote balanced development; to strengthen cooperation and communication, toenhance the level of research; to emphase on team building, accumulation of abilityand experience; to increase capital investment, to improve security capacity.