| Objective:To investigate the distribution status and occurrence regularity of pneumoconiosis disease from2005to2011in Shaoyang City, and provide evidence for the government to make and improve pneumoconiosis control measures.Methods:3462new cases of pneumoconiosis in Shaoyang City were subjected to systematic arrangement, and SPSS software (version13.0) was performed in descriptive analysis and statistical analysis. Comparisons of measurement data between two groups were performed using the Student’s t test or non-parametric test. The comparison of sample rate was performed by chi-squared test, chi-squared segmentation method and the linear trend inspection of the ranked group data. A P value (two-tailed probability) less than0.05was considered statistically significant, except Chi-squared segmentation significance level was subject to actual calculation.Results:(1) From2005to2011, a total of3462new cases of pneumoconiosis occurred in Shaoyang City. Coal-workers1pneumoconiosis and silicosis were the dominant types of pneumoconiosis, accounting for93.07%of all cases. Of the new cases,99.88%were male and only0.12%were female (4cases).The average exposure ages of new pneumoconiosis cases were (27.62±7.71) years. The average exposure duration of new pneumoconiosis cases were (18.80±7.91) years. The average ages of new pneumoconiosis cases were (49.83±7.93) years. Most cases were distributed in Wugang County (2295cases,66.29%), Shaoyang County (483cases,13.95%) and Shaodong County (417cases,12.05%).(2)The average exposure ages and the average exposure duration showed significant differences (t=7.552,P=0.000,t=2.017, P=0.05, respectively), and average ages showed no statistically differences t=0.750,P=0.454)(3) A total of121(3.5%) pneumoconiosis cases with active tuberculosis, the phase Ⅰ, phase Ⅱ, phase Ⅲ of pneumoconiosis cases with active tuberculosis were94,22and5, respectively, and there were significant differences (χ=36.743, P=0.000).(4) Of the new cases,1640(50.90%) suffered stage Ⅰ coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis,971(30.14%) stage Ⅱ coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis, and611(18.96%) stage Ⅲ coal-workers’ pneumoconiosis;141(58.75%) suffered stage I silicosis,62(27.08%) stage Ⅱ silicosis, and37(15.42%) stage Ⅲ silicosis, there was no significant differences (x2=5.563, P=0.062).(5)The work types of these cases mainly included mining as the main work (2530cases,73.8%), tunneling as the main work (484cases,13.98%), mining (142cases,4.10%), tunneling (122cases,3.52%), and other work (118cases,5.31%), respectively, and there were significant differences (χ2=23.787, P=0.002).(6)From2005to2011, the number of new cases increased since2005(2cases), and then it increased to a maximum of1428(41.25%)in2011.(7)A total of2694(77.82%) cases were diagnosed according to New Diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis,768cases were diagnosed based on Old Diagnosis of Pneumoconiosis, and the standard of diagnosis showed significant differences(χ2=80.381, P=0.000). (8) Of all new cases, there were1679(48.50%) cases’ occupational history provided by affiliated companies and there were other1783(51.50%) cases’ occupational history provided by themselves, these showed significant differences(χ2=806.88, P=0.000).(9)Most cases were distributed in private enterprise(2557cases,73.86%),657cases(18.98%) were distributed in state-owned enterprise and248cases(7.16%) were distributed in collective economic enterprises, these showed significant differences(χ2=42.957, P<0.0125, χ2=13.113,P<0.0125).(10) The pneumoconiosis cases were distributed mainly in small enterprise(3195cases,92.29%), medium-sized nterprise(267cases,7.71%), these showed significant differences(χ2=117.731, P=0.000).(11)The exposure ages of new pneumoconiosis cases were most under40years old (92.52%),10cases were over50years old, and there was no significant differences (χ2=10.627, P=0.224).(12)The ages of new pneumoconiosis cases were most40to50years old(48.31),47.36%cases were over50years old, these showed significant differences(χ2=100.020, P=0.000).(13)Of all the new cases, under5years exposure duration were1.96%, and the exposure duration showed ignificant differences (χ2=85.144, P=0.000).Conclusion:he incidence of pneumoconiosis (3462new cases were reported from2005to2011) is high level in ShaoYang city, with dominate number of Ⅱ phase、Ⅲ phase.Most cases were male and were distributed in Wugang County, Shaoyang County and Shaodong County. The pneumoconiosis cases were mainly distributed in small enterprise and private enterprise. The number of pneumoconiosis increased to a maximum in2011. The length of service at the onsets of silicosis was shorter than workers’ pneumoconiosis. A total of121(3.5%) pneumoconiosis cases with active tuberculosis, the tuberculosis incidence were much higher than general population in our country. The statistical findings indicated that included number of new pneumoconiosis cases in types of pneumoconiosis, work types of pneumoconiosis cases, age of onset, length of service, types of enterprise, provided ways of occupational history, standard of diagnosis, with/without active tuberculosis, and the phase of pneumoconiosis all showed significant difference. The prevention and control of pneumoconiosis should be enhanced according to the epidemiological characteristics of pneumoconiosis. In addition, the demonstration project of comprehensive prevention and control of occupational dust hazards should be carried out, and the monitoring and early warning system for pneumoconiosis should be established. |
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