The Effects Of Environmental Intervention For The Heart And Kidneys Damage Of Ketamine-induced In The Withdrawl Period

Objective: To explore the damage of self-administration of ketamine for the heart and kidneys of rats.Then observed the damage of ketamine-induced after rats were given different withdrawl times, also weobserved a rich environment in the withdrawal period could or not promote the recovery of damages in rats.Methods:1. Rats were given jugular vein catheterization surgery, then trained them to obtain the ketamineself-administration behavior and continuous administration for14days. Rats were given cardiac perfusionto death after it completed self-administration, measured the body weight、heart weight and kidney weight.we observed heart and kidney tissue morphology changed by HE staining and the expression of myocardialFas and KIM-1positive protein,also detected the cells apoptosis in heart and kidneys though TUNELstaining.2.These Rats which completed Ketamine self-administration for consecutive14days were respectivelygiven withdrawal zero week, two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks. Rats were given cardiac perfusionto death after it completed it withdrawal times, and conducted cardiac and kidney weight measurements,tissue morphology observe, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining.3. These Rats which completed Ketamine self-administration for consecutive14days were givenwithdrawal four weeks respectively in the enriched environment and isolated environment.Rats were givencardiac perfusion to death after it completed it withdrawal times, and conducted cardiac and kidney weightmeasurements, tissue morphology observe, immunohistochemistry and TUNEL staining.Results:1.Long-term administration of ketamine causes enlargement of the heart and kidneys, causing cardiactissue cells fibrosis, edema，even degeneration. Renal morphology appear to changed which is kidneyglomerular atrophy and tubular degeneration. The expression of cardiac Fas and KIM-1positive proteinsignificantly up-regulated, also the cell apoptosis index in the heart and renal significantly increased.2. The morphology of the withdrawal two weeks group rats did not change significantly compared tothe withdrawal zero week rats, myocardial Fas was not significantly reduced as well as the apoptosis cellsin the heart and kidney. The morphology of the withdrawal four weeks group rats changed significantlycompared to the withdrawal zero week rats, myocardial Fas and KIM-1were significantly reduced as wellas the apoptosis index in the heart and kidney. Similar to the Withdrawal four weeks, the morphology ofthe withdrawal eight weeks group rats changed significantly compared to the withdrawal zero week rats,the myocardial Fas and KIM-1were significantly reduced as well as the apoptosis index in the heart andkidne but these aspects also higher than the control group.3.Rats that were forced withdrawal in the riched environment compared to the isolated environmentrats owns a better performance in the mental state and histological observe. The myocardial Fas and KIM-1of the riched environment rats were significantly reduced as well as the apoptosis index in the heart andkidney compared to the isolated environment rats. Conclusion: Long-term self-administration of ketamine caused serious damage to the heart andkidneys of rats. the heart and kidneys damage in rats has a certain degree of recovery with the extension ofthe withdrawal period. In the withdrawal period, given a environmental enrichment intervention couldpromote the recovery of the heart and kidneys damage.