Hypoglycemic And Immune Regulation Effects Of Velvet Antler Active Ingredients On Mices

Velvet antler is the young horn of bucks which have not grown into the bone. It is aChinese traditional valuable medicine which mainly comes from the northwest and northeast inChina. It contains a lot of nutrients with the functions of protecting cardiovascular system,enhancing immunity, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, strengthing the central nervoussystem, repairing wounds, resisting the tumor and improving hyperlipidemia and so on.Rencently velvet antler has become an increasingly hot research point due to the gradualimprovement of breeding technology of deer and the ongoing discovery of the newphysiological functions in velvet antler. With velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck as rawmaterials, soluble proteins and phospholipids were extracted with the assistance of ultrasonicwaves. The extraction processes were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiment.Then proteins and phospholipids extracted from velvet antler, and the extracts obtained bysoaking velvet antler with70%ethonal were used to study the hypoglycemic effect onalloxan-induced diabetic mice and the immune activity on cyclophosphamide-inducedimmunocompromised mice, furthermore to study the differences among these three extracts’effects on blood sugar decrease and immune regulation. This paper was to investigate theinfluence of extracts on each physiological indexes in mice, to find out the effective ingredientwhich can reduce the blood sugar and improve immunity, and then to provide the scientific basisfor wide utilization of velvet antler and play a better role on health protection. Experimentalresults are as follows:1. Soluble protein was extracted from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck withcarbonate buffer solution (pH10.0) assisted by ultrasonic waves. With the yield as evaluationindex, the results of single factor and orthogonal experiments showed that the concentration ofextraction solvent and liquid-material ratio both had very significant influence on the extractionof velvet antler protein, while ultrasonic extraction power and ultrasonic extraction time had nosignificant influence; that the optimum extraction conditions was as follows: the concentrationof carbonate buffer solution (pH10.0) was0.05mol/L, the liquid-material ratio was10:1, theultrasonic extraction power was200W, the ultrasonic extraction time was20min, thus gainingvelvet antler protein of36.849mg/g.2. Phospholipid was extracted from velvet antler of Cervus nippon Temminck withchloroform-methanol mixture assisted by ultrasonic waves. With the yield as evaluation index,the results of single factor and orthogonal experiments showed that the ratio ofchloroform-methanol mixed solvent and liquid-material ratio both had very significant influence on the extraction of velvet antler phospholipid, while ultrasonic extraction temperature andultrasonic extraction time had significant and no significant influence respectivrly; that theoptimum extraction conditions was as follows: the ratio of chloroform-methanol mixed solventwas1:1, the liquid-material ratio was20:1, the ultrasonic extraction temperature was25℃, theultrasonic extraction time was30min, thus gaining velvet antler phospholipid of12.240mg/g.3. The results of animal experiment on hypoglycemic activity showed that velvet antlerproteins at low(200mg/kg), middle(400mg/kg), and high(800mg/kg) dose and the extractsobtained by soaking velvet antler with70%ethonal at low(200mg/kg), middle(400mg/kg), andhigh(800mg/kg) dose decreased the fasting blood glucose value of diabetic mice effectively;velvet antler proteins and extracts soaked with70%ethonal at high dose also significantlyincreased the body weight, the concentration of serum insulin and the contents of liver glycogenand muscle glycogen of diabetic mice. While velvet antler phospholipids had no significanthypoglycemic activity.4. The results of animal experiment on immune activity showed that velvet antler proteinsat low(200mg/kg), middle(400mg/kg), and high(800mg/kg) dose could effectively enhance theactivity of serum lysozyme, acid phosphatase in serum and liver tissue, increase liver index ofimmunosuppressive mice. Middle and high dose proteins could significantly increase themononuclear macrophage phagocytosis index and spleen index, high dose group also couldincrease thymus index significantly. Velvet antler phospholipids at low(200mg/kg),middle(400mg/kg), and high(800mg/kg) dose could effectively enhance the activity of serumlysozyme, acid phosphatase in serum and liver tissue, increase liver index and spleen index ofimmunosuppressive mice likewise. Middle and high dose phospholipids could significantlyincrease the mononuclear macrophage phagocytosis index and spleen index. The extractsobtained by soaking velvet antler with70%ethonal at low(200mg/kg), middle(400mg/kg), andhigh(800mg/kg) dose had significant effect on all indicators, thus demonstrating good immuneactivity.