| In this paper, mt DNA(D-loop region and Cyt b gene) were used to analyze population genetic structure and genetic diversity of 30 Rhinogobius giurinus populations and 14 Micropercops swinhonis populations.The results were shown as follows: 1 Analysis of population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Rhinogobius giurinus based on molecular markers of mitochondrial gene D-loop.We analyzed population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Rhinogobius giurinus based on molecular markers of mitochondrial gene D-loop of 844 bp in 30 geographic population with 143 individuals. The results were:(1) Information of sequences: In Rhinogobius giurinus there were 51 variable site, accounting for 6.04% of the total sequence for the selected 844 bp and has 37 parsimoniously informative sites(4.38%). 143 sequences have 60 haplotypes.(2)Genetic diversity: The arverage haplotype diversity of Rhinogobius giurinus was 0.9687. The haplotype diversity in these populations(Dong Tinghu, Lin Hai, Zhang Pingshi, Liu Zhou,) were 1.0000. There was only one haplotype in these populations(Hong Hu, Ying Tan, Shui Yangjiang, Chao Hu, Yu Lin, Hai Nan,). The arverage nucleotide diversity of Rhinogobius giurinus was 0.0099. And Nucleotide diversity results of Shen Yang Zhang Shu and Tai Hu populations all below 0.0001. Nucleotide diversity results of Gao Youhu was 0.01211 ± 0.00781, and it was has the highest nucleotide diversity. And the range of nucleotide diversity of other populations was 0-0.01. In conclusion, Rhinogobius giurinus has higher haplotype diversity and lower nucleotide diversity.(3) The results of Bayesian tree and haplotype network can divide the Rhinogobius giurinus population into two clades A and B. A clade mainly includes the samples of Qian Tangjiang, Lin Hai, Oujiang, Minjiang, Jiu Longjiang, Pearl River, Liujiang, Nan Lijiang, Hai Nan and including partial samples of Gao Youhu and Tai Hu population. B clade mainly including Yangtze River, Huai He River, Yellow River, Hai He River, Liao He and Ya Lujiang River.(4) The population structure analysis of SAMOVA and AMOVA were divided it into 4 Geographic population. SAMOVA and AMOVA analysis suggested majority of the variation occurred among populations while differentiation populations and between populations were 0.46863 and 0.49328.(5) The results of neutrality test and mismatch distribution showed that Rhinogobius giurinus had experienced population expansion in the history. The expansion time of Yellow River was 0.0039-0.0158 Ma, Yangtze River and Pearl River were 0.0028-0.0115 Ma and 0.024-0.099 Ma. All the time were correspond to the Quaternary in late Pleistocene. 2 Analysis of population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Micropercops swinhonis based on molecular markers of mitochondrial gene.Analysis of population genetic structure and genetic diversity of Micropercops swinhonis based on molecular markers of mitochondrial gene Cyt b of 1320 and D-loop of 844 bp with 14 geographic populations of 88 individuals. The results were:(1)Information of sequences: There were 133 variable sites, accounting for 6.16% of the total sequence for the selected 2159 bp and has 63 haplotypes in 143 sequences. The result shows there was comparatively higher haplotype diversity(0.9791), larger than 0.8000 ± 0.1721 and lower nucleotide diversity of 0.0096 in Micropercops swinhonis sequences.(2) Haplotype network and lineage analysis showed a number of 63 haplotypes in total in the combined sequence of Cyt b and D-loop of Micropercops swinhonis. There was haplotype sharing among Hap04、Hap10、Hap32: Hap04 was shared by individuals of Liao River and Yellow River(Pu Yang); Hap10 was shared by individuals of Tai Hu Lake and Lang Xi River; Hap32 was shared by individuals of Hong Hu Lake and Yangtze River(Jing Zhou). Population haplotype network showed there were almost 3 lineage in Micropercops swinhonis: lineage A named Shao Yang population, all of the individuals shared haplotype H52(11 individuals); individuals of H51(Lang Xi, Yangtze River system) and Tai Hu Lake included by lineage B; lineage C got the rest individuals. Lineage C contains 3 sub-lineage called C1、C2、C3: Individuals in Yangtze river system(Dong Ting Lake, Jing Zhou, Hong Hu, Jing Jiang, Chao Hu, Lang Xi) took the most percentage of C1, as well as minority individuals in Song Huajiang River(Ha Erbing), Liaohe River system(Shen Yang), Yellow River system(Pu Yang), Gao You Lake, Teng Chong(Yunnan). C2 mainly contains individuals in northern River systems(Songhuajiang River-Haerbing, Liaohe River-Shengyang, Hai River-Peking, Yellow River-Puyang, Gao You Lake) and minority individuals in Yangtze River(Chao Hu, Jing Zhou); C3 mainly contains individuals of Yangtze River system-Jing Jiang, Song Huajiang River-Ha Erbing, Liao He River-Shen Yang and contain individuals in Gao You Lake. The results of Bayesian tree almost the same with haplotype network, surporting divided all of the population into 3 lineages.(3) AMOVA analysis based on geography structure divided all of the populations into 3 groups: Shao Yang, Tai Hu Lake and the rest. Results showed most variation occurred in different populations(79%). Variation rate inside the population was 21.3%. SAMOVA got the best result of dividing population group when K is 3, FCT=0.52487. The total population was divided into 3 geography spatial populations when K=3(Shao Yang, Tai Hu and the rest).(4) Mismatch distribution analysis showed: only Tai Hu, Jing Jiang, Jing Zhou, Honghu appeared obvious singlet; while Lang Xi, Chao Hu, Gao Youhu, Pu Yang, Hai He, Liao He, Song Huajiang had multiplet mismatch distribution more than two summit. Combining Tajima’s D and Fu’s FS testing, only the population Jing Jiang(JJ, Fu’s FS:-4.119, P=0.009), Hong Hu(Fu’s FS:-2.814, P=0.016) got the obvious negative value as well as P≤0.05, suggesting these two populations had experienced population expansion in the history. Though the group of Taihu lake and Jing Zhou appeared negative value in Fu’s FS(Fu’s FS=-0.65809,-0.37708), they had not got an obvious P value(P=0.26600, 0.33100). Other populations got multiplet, most of which got a positive value in Fu’s FS, demonstrated individuals in among these populations had different resource. It was probably caused by breed introduction in recent time in China as well as some other reasons. |
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