| The artificial diet is one of the fundamental technique to investigate insect. Researchers can regulate and control the contents of nutrient composition of artificial diet to study the nutrition needs of the insect and determine the effect of insecticides and insect resistant crops, as well as supply a large number of insect what are physiologically consistent. Ultimately, the technique can service the biological prevention and control and development of resource insects. In this paper, we based on aphids of artificial diet, and used two-color morph pea aphid(Acythosiphon pisum Harris) as materials. The pea aphid were fed with mixture that was composed of different concentrations of amino acid solution and sucrose mixture as well as screen fitting artificial diet formula for rearing pea aphid indoors, and taking this as the foundation to select the appropriate laboratory reared two-color morph pea aphid of temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod. Finally, we compared to the influence of two different sources of artificial diet for growth and reproduction of pea aphid. The main results of this study were as the following:1. The most suitable artificial diet formula for growth and reproduction of pea aphid was screened.The pea aphid were reared in artificial condition that temperature was 20 ℃,relative humidity was 70%, photoperiod was 16L:8D, and fed with 20 groups mixture that was composed of one of the 5 different concentrations of amino acid solution(A1=50m M, A2=100m M, A3=150m M, A4=200m M, A5=250m M) and one of the 4 different concentrations of sucrose mixture(S1=250m M, S2=500m M, S3=750m M, S4=1000m M). The growth and reproduction of pea aphid were determined by experiment with different treatments. Result shows that A3S3 was the more suitable artificial diet for pea aphid. The survival rate on the 6th day of A3S2 and A3S3 had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 36.7±5.7% and 60.0±26.5%, respectively. The survival rate on the 20 th day of A3S2 and A3S3 had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 13.3±10.3% and 26.7±5.8%, respectively. The average fecundity of A3S2(11.6±4.7 per adult aphid) and A3S3(16.1±5.7 per adult aphid) had significant difference(P<0.05). The reproduction rate of A3S2 and A3S3 had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 2.9±1.83 and 5.23±2.53, respectively. In conclusion, A3S3 is proved to be the most suitable artificial diet formula for pea aphid.2. The most suitable temperature, relative humidity and photoperiod for two-color morph pea aphid was screened respectively.We used A3S3 that is the most suitable artificial diet to rear the two-color morph pea aphid by different temperature(20℃, 24℃, 28℃)and different relative humidity(55%, 70%, 85%) and different photoperiod(8L:16D, 12L:12D, 16L:8D).As for green morph pea aphid. In the different conditions of temperature, the relative growth rate of 20℃ and 24℃ had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 0.21±0.04% and 0.26±0.03%, respectively. The generation length of 20℃ and 24℃ had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 15.88±0.86 and 12.85±0.59, respectively. However, if the generation length was more shorter within limits, insect of the new replace the old more quickly. The other parameters were had no significant difference(P>0.05). In the different conditions of relative humidity, the parameters of 70% all had significant different(P<0.05) with 55% and 85%. In the different conditions of photoperiod, The average fecundity of 12L:12D and 16L:8D had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 13.2±2.0 per adult aphid and 9.8±0.9 per adult aphid, respectively. The reproduction rate of 12L:12D and 16L:8D had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 11.47±3.02 and 6.47±1.32, respectively. The other parameters were had no significant difference(P>0.05). Therefore, the most suitable temperature was 24℃, humidity was 70% and photoperiod was 12L:12D for green morph pea aphid.As for red morph pea aphid. In the different conditions of temperature, the survival rate of the 12 th day of 20 ℃ and 24 ℃ had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 50.0±10.0% and 36.7±5.7%, respectively. The relative growth rate of 20℃ and 24℃ had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 0.22±0.03% and 0.19±0.02%, respectively. The innate capacity for increase of 20℃ and 24℃ had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 0.07±0.02 and 0.02±0.05, respectively. The other parameters were had no significant difference(P>0.05). In the different conditions of relative humidity, the parameters of 70% all had significant different(P<0.05) with 55% and 85%. In the different conditions of photoperiod, The average fecundity of 12L:12D and 16L:8D had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 13.6±3.6 per adult aphid and 6.4±2.9 per adult aphid. The reproduction rate of 12L:12D and 16L:8D had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 4.47±1.82 and 1.57±1.03, respectively. The other parameters were had no significant difference(P>0.05). Therefore, the most suitable temperature was 20 ℃, humidity was 70% and photoperiod was 12L:12D for red morph pea aphid.3. The influence of two different sources of artificial diet were compared to growth and reproduction of pea aphid.The artificial diet of pea aphid have two configuration ways to compose, one is based on the amino acid constituents of phloem sap(Diet A), the other is based on the amino acid constituents of aphid tissue(Diet B). We used the two diets to rear the pea aphid, the result shows that the relative growth rate of Diet A and Diet B had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 0.27±0.02% and 0.23±0.03%, respectively. The innate capacity for increase of Diet A and Diet B had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 13.14±1.42 and 11.82±0.18, respectively. The doubling times of Diet A and Diet B had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 12.51±7.60 and 56.32±51.90, respectively. The Finite rate for increase of Diet A and Diet B had significant difference(P<0.05), they reached 1.07±0.05 and 0.95±0.10, respectively. In conclusion, the artificial diet that was based on the amino acid constituents of phloem sap was more suitable for growth and reproduction of pea aphid. |
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