Effect Of Fertilization On The Yields Of Corn, Barley And Flue-cured Tobacco, And Soil Properties

In the crop cultivation of our country, long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers caused a series of productive and environmental problems, such as fertilizer waste, water eutrophication, soil nutrient imbalance, acidification, and compaction. Therefore, improvement of the fertilization techniques is an urgent issue in science and agricultural production. In addition, Southwest China is a serious disaster area for Eupatorium adenophorum to invasive and it is necessary to weed out this harmful invasive plant effectively. Composting E. adenophorum in field could turn this invasive plant into organic fertilizer, which is important to ecosystem. The author, therefore, studied the influence of organic fertilizer made from E. adenophorum(CW) by composting on grain yield of maize and barley as well soil nutrients, enzymatic activities, and microbes in Huiping village in Mianning County, Liangshan, Sichuan. Also, farmyard manure(OF) effect on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, nutrients, and microbes in tobacco grown soil was investigated in order to obtain some scientific information for application of organic fertilizers in this area. Follow are the main results obtained:1. Application of CW in combination with chemical fertilizer(CF+CW) increased nutrient uptake by maize and barley, and the grain yield of barley compared with sole fertilization of both CW and chemical fertilizer(CF) although barley grain yield obtained by CF+OF was similar to FW plus CF(CF+FW). Compared to blank control(without fertilizer), CF+CW also increased the grain yield of maize even though no significant difference was found between CF+CW and CF. In addition, CW reduced stripe rust incidence in barley cultivation.2. CW increased available nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, activities of enzymes, including urease, phosphatase, invertase, and catalase, microbial carbon and nitrogen, number of 18 S rRNA sequences, and diversity index of microbial community in soils. These results suggest the improvement of soil environment, and promotion of microbial growth and reproduction as well as nutrient transformation in soils.3. Fertilization of CF+CW increased the leaf yield, economic output, and upper and middle grade leaves of flue-cured tobacco, and synchronized chemical ingredient, including total and reduced sugars, proteins, nicotine, potassium and chloride in tobacco leaves.4. Fertilization, particularly CF+OF, increased microbial carbon and nitrogen in soil, although they were similar between OF and CF. Furthermore, the number of 16 S rDNA sequences, operational taxonomy units, diversity and domination indexes of microbial communities in soils also raised in CF+OF treatment., which indicate increment of microbes, community groups, and environmental improvement that would result in sustainable land utilization.