Study On Effects Of Potash Reductions With Low-release Compound Fertilizer On Leafy Vegetables Nutrition And Microorganism In Soils

Leafy vegetables is the most important consumer goods in People’s Daily life, it provides the essential sugars, amino acids, vitamins, flavonoids and phenols and various organic and inorganic nutrients, it is the main cultivation of vegetable crops in chongqing autumn/winter season. In recent years, a large number of blind application of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogen and phosphorus in vegetable production, stress the vegetable growth, yield and nutritional quality, reduce fertilizer waste of resources and ecological environment pollution. Aiming at the disadvantages of traditional chemical fertilizers, slow release fertilizer research has become the focus of the researchers, this kind of fertilizer can realize synchronous nutrient release and crop demand, improve the fertilizer utilization. Aiming at the need of efficient use of potassium of leafy vegetables, this research application a slow release compound fertilizer base high k type of southwest university independent research, on the basis of research in the prophase of morphology, nutrient release characteristics, regulation and control of soil nitrogen, effect, ammonia volatilization losses of crops, soil microorganisms, etc. We choosed chongqing Tong Liang area with and beibei shade of willow trees town vegetable base, by means of field experiment, indoor analysis and statistical analysis method, study the slow release compound fertilizer could be reduced k of leafy vegetables(cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce) yield, quality and the effect of nutrient and soil microbial community structure, the base for further evaluation of high k type and leafy vegetables one-time basal fertilizer effect of controlled-release compound fertilizer slow release compound fertilizer.The results showed that:1.In Tong Liang and Bei Bei sites, the slow release compound fertilizer potassium reduction processing(SRF1 and SRF2) were increased biological yield, economic yield and embraces of leafy vegetables relatively common fertilizer processing(CF), and the cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce economic yield were reach 43170kg·hm-2~47115kg·hm-2、34005kg·hm-2~39015kg·hm-2、26730kg·hm-2~29310 kg·hm-2 and 42105kg·hm-2~46710kg·hm-2, with slow release compound fertilizer potassium 10% reduction processing(SRF1) to improved the most. Slow release compound fertilizer potassium reduction treatment are relatively common compound fertilizer(CCF) were slightly lower, but the difference was not significant. And slow release compound fertilizer reduction of potassium fertilization increasing yield of vegetable has no obvious difference in Tong Liang and Bei Bei sites, it has good adaptability, slow release compound fertilizer production function with lettuce > asparagus lettuce > cabbages > brassica narinosa bailey.2.Slow release compound fertilizer reduce potassium fertilization increase two sites leafy vegetables of soluble sugar, amino acid, vitamin C, crude protein, total phenol and flavonoids content and decreased nitrate content, improved the nutritional quality of leafy vegetables. Compared with the CF treatment, two sites SRF1 and SRF2 processing were improved the cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce and stems of soluble sugar content is 3.7% ~ 34.8%, 3.6% ~ 24.4% content of amino acid, vitamin C content is 1.6% ~ 47.9%, 6.9% ~ 25.3% content of crude protein, total phenol content in 4.2% ~ 30.6%, the total content of flavonoids and 30.6% ~ 73.1%, reduce the nitrate content in 2.8% ~ 21.9%. Tong Liang sites to SRF2 treatment on four vegetables of soluble sugar, amino acid, vitamin C, crude protein, total phenol and flavonoids content to improve the most, the reduction in nitrate content in the largest. And the Bei Bei sites to SRF1 treatment on four vegetables of soluble sugar, amino acid, vitamin C, crude protein, total phenol and flavonoids content to improve the most, the reduction in nitrate content in the most.3.Application of slow release compound fertilizer is advantageous to the leafy vegetables for the absorption of N, P, K nutrient, increase the nutrient content of leafy vegetables. Two sites SRF1 and SRF2 compared to treatment with CF, cabbage, lettuce and asparagus lettuce stem plant nitrogen content increased significantly, the growth of 6.9% ~ 25.2%, 7.0% ~ 11.3% and 3.9% ~ 11.3%, brassica narinosa bailey nitrogen content decreased, asparagus lettuce leaf nitrogen content changed little. cabbage, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce stem of the plant phosphorus content significantly increased, growth of 6.7% ~ 6.7%, 9.4% ~ 13.1% and 5.9% ~ 13.1%, lettuce and asparagus lettuce leaf phosphorus content changed little. cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce leaves and stems of potassium content increased significantly, growth of 2.1% ~ 18.5%, 1.3% ~ 15.4% and 18.5% ~ 1.3%, 8.5% ~ 16.2% and 2.4% ~ 16.2%. In general, at Tong Liang sites SRF2 treatment on four vegetables of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increased most, beibei sites SRF1 treatment on four vegetables of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content increase.4. Slow release compound fertilizer reduce potassium fertilization increased the output and profit of leafy vegetables. Compared with the CF processing, slow release compound fertilizer potassium reduction treatment at two sites(SRF1 and SRF2) make the cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce profits increase 1681 yuan hm-2~6601 yuan hm-2、2461 yuan hm-2~5287 yuan hm-2 、 5044 yuan hm-2~9409 yuan hm-2 和 3202 yuan hm-2~9367 yuan hm-2.Compared with the CCF treatment is slightly lower, but the difference was not significant. Tong Liang sites slow release compound fertilizer potassium fertilization reduction have more effects on the improvement of cabbage and asparagus lettuce profit in beibei sites, brassica narinosa bailey and lettuce on the other hand, the slow release compound fertilizer potassium fertilization reduction to improve the profit of leafy vegetables role for lettuce > asparagus lettuce > cabbages > brassica narinosa bailey.5. Application of slow release compound fertilizer can improve the leafy vegetable soil microbial community structure, was advantageous to the soil to protecting fertilizer and fertilizer. Compared with the CF treatment, two sites SRF1 and SRF2 treatment increased the cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce soil microbial species, and SRF1 and SRF2 treatment also increased the content of soil microbial total PLFA, cabbage and brassica narinosa bailey in white SRF1 biggest, lettuce and asparagus lettuce to SRF2 processing is the largest. Two sites SRF1 and SRF2 processing cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce soil bacteria, actinomyces, fungi, gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria and the total content of PLFA were significantly improved, and Tong Liang sites SRF2 processing to improve the effect, and large beibei sites SRF1 processing to improve the effect. SRF1 and SRF2 processing reduces the cabbage, brassica narinosa bailey, lettuce, and asparagus lettuce soil bacteria PLFA and G +/G- value, increase the stability of vegetable soil microbial community, improve the general saturated fatty acid/single olefinic unsaturated fatty acid value and heterogeneous PLFA/heterogeneous PLFA values, and improve SRF1 the biggest role.6. Comprehensive leafy vegetables nutrition effect of yield and quality, nutrient and soil microbial community structure, slow release compound fertilizer Tong Liang decreasing potassium fertilization and leafy vegetables on application of beibei district, and Tong Liang region to SRF2 processing is slow release compound fertilizer potassium 30% reduction is the best solution, and beibei district to SRF1 processing namely slow release compound fertilizer potassium 10% reduction is the best solution.