Effects Of Low-fiber Diet On Growth Development And Cecal Microbial Of Geese

This experiment was to investigate the effects of low-fiber diet on growth development and cecal microbial of geese,inquiry the integral role in growth development of geese. A total of 4861-day-old male Yangzhou geese with similar body weight were selected,of which 468 were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 6 replicates per treatment and 26 geese per replicate,named Group A, Group B and Group C.The geese were then raised for 64 days on diets with a dietary fiber level of 2.5%(Group A),6.1%(Group C), or 4.3% for days 1-28 and 6.1% for days 29-64(Group B).In 2,4,6,8 weeks, recording weight and feed intake,and two geese were randomly selected and slaughtered from each of the repeat to measure intestinal weight and length and and specimens from intestinal tissue sample to observe intestinal morphology. In 4,8 week internal organs and cecal microbial diversity index were measured. In the 8-week-old fasting blood and serum biochemical indexes were measured. The remaining 18 hatched immediately after slaughter, the determination of intestinal weight, length, and intestinal tissue specimens from samples of intestinal tissue morphology was observed.The results showed as follows:(1) Effects of low-fiber diet on growth performance of geese:The body weight of geese in Group A was significantly lower than it in the Group B and Group C at the age of 4-8 weeks (P<0.05), however, the average daily feed intake was significantly higher than Group B and Group C at the age of 8 weeks (P<0.05).The average ADG of geese in Group A was significantly decreased at the age of 4,7 weeks compared with Group B and Group C (P<0.05), the feed weight ratio of geese at the age of 4,5,7,8 weeks was significantly increased,and it was significantly reduced at the age of 6 weeks(P<0.05).(2) Effects of low-fiber diet on serum biochemical index and internal organs index of geese:AST, ALP, BUN, HDL content in serum was significantly increased in Group A compared with Group B and Group C (P<.0.05), serum GLU content was significantly decreased (P<0.05), liver index, gizzard index of 8 weeks geese was significantly decreased in Group A compared with Group B and Group C (P<0.05).(3) Effects of low-fiber diet on intestinal length and weight of geese:the length of duodenum and ileum in Group A were significantly reduced compared with Group B and C (P<0.05),the length of jejunum and cecum of 4-week-old geese in Group C were significantly increased compared with Group A and B (P<0.05);the length of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum of 6-week-old geese in Group A were significantly reduced (P<0.05),the length of duodenum and cecum were significantly increased (P<0.05).the length of duodenum, jejunum, ileum,cecum of 8-week-old geese in Group A were significantly reduced (P<0.05),the length of duodenum jejunum,cecum in Group C were significantly increased (P<0.05).(4) Effects of low-fiber diet on duodenal tissue morphology of geese:The geese in Group A had lower crypts length and crypts length at the age of 2 weeks compared with those in Group B (P<0.05), and the geese in Group C had lower crypts length compared with those in Group B (P<0.05). The geese in Group B had higher villus height, and V/C at the age of 4 weeks compared with those in Groups A and C (P<0.05).The geese in Group B had higher villus height, and V/C at the age of 6 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and lower villus height, V/C, and muscle thickness compared with those in Group C (P<0.05).The geese in Group B had higher villus height, and V/C, and lower muscle thickness at the age of 8 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and higher villus height, and crypts length compared with those in Group C (P<0.05).(5) Effects of low-fiber diet on jejunum tissue morphology of geese:The geese in Group B had higher villus height, crypts length and muscle thickness at the age of 2 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and higher villus height, and crypts length, and lower V/C compared with those in Group C (P<0.05). The geese in Group B had higher villus height, and V/C, and higher crypts length, and muscle thickness at the age of 4 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05). The geese in Group B had lower villus height, and V/C, and muscle thickness at the age of 6 weeks compared with those in Group C (P<0.05).The geese in Group B had lower villus height, and V/C, and muscle thickness,and higher crypts length at the age of 8 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and higher villus height, crypts length, and V/C, and lower muscle thickness compared with those in Group C (P<0.05).(6) Effects of low-fiber diet on ileum tissue morphology of geese:The geese in Group B had lower villus height, and V/C at, the age of 2 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and higher crypts length, and lower V/C compared with those in Group C (P<0.05).The geese in Group B had higher villus height, V/C and muscle thickness, and lower crypts length at the age of 4 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and lower villus height, and higher muscle thickness compared with those in Group C (P<0.05). The geese in Group B had higher villus height, crypts length, and V/C, and lower muscle thickness at the age of 6 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05), and higher villus height, and V/C compared with those in Group C (P<0.05). The geese in Group B had higher crypts length, and lower V/C, and muscle thickness at the age of 8 weeks compared with those in Group A (P<0.05).(7)Effects of low-fiber diet on cecal microorganisms of geese:The geese at the age of 4 weeks in Group A had lower relative contents of clostridium IV, clostridium XIV, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and bacteroides, and higher relative content of E. coli in the cecum compared with those in Groups B and C (P< 0.05 for each comparison). The geese had lower relative contents of villonella compared with those in Groups B (P< 0.05). The geese at the age of 8 weeks in Group A had lower relative contents of clostridium IV, clostridium XIV, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and villonella, and higher relative content of E. coli in the cecum compared with those in Groups B and C (P< 0.05 for each comparison). The geese had lower relative contents of bacteroides compared with those in Groups B (P< 0.05).To sum up, average daily intake, duodenal villus height,villus height/crypt depth and cecal microbial population of geese with low-fiber diet (fiber levels of 2.5%) is lower than that in 4.3%,6.1% fiber level diet group, intestinal development and internal organs development was insufficient,and the absorption capacity of the duodenum was reducing,thus we believe that growth and development of geese is inseparable from fiber.