Effect Of Positioning Fertilization On Soil And Crops In Arid Region Of Ningxia

In order to improve soil quality in middle arid area of Ningxia, and filter out the best fertilizer treatments, in Agricultural Science and Technology Park of the efficient water-saving in dryland, Wangtuan town of Tongxin, by adopting the combination of inorganic and organic way, a field experiment was conducted in 5 consecutive years to study the effect of different fertilizer treatments on the soil quality and crop. The research can promote the rainfed farmland quality and provide technological and theoretical support for the sustainable utilization. The main results are as follows:1. Different fertilizer treatments increased nutrient levels and reduces the pH of the soil. The content of the total N, alkaline N, total P, available P, organic material and available K significantly increased and the pH significantly reduced in soil under the chemical fertilizer with sheep manure. At the same time, the soil physical properties such as soil bulk density, aggregate, texture were improved.2. Different fertilizer treatments improved soil urease and phosphatase activity, reduced catalase activity. Compared with CK, the chemical fertilizer with sheep manure significantly increased soil phosphatase and urease activity, increased by 108.33% and 86.75%,.and reduced the catalase activity, decreased by 10.27%.3. With increasing of fertilizing time, the number of microbial community the soil were increased. Compared with the control, the treatment of chemical fertilizer with fulvic significantly increased the number of bacterial communities, improved by 93.30%; Chemical fertilizer with sheep manure and chemical fertilizer with cow dung significantly increased the number of actinomycete communities, increased by 84.27%,96.63%; Chemical fertilizers with sheep manure and fulvic significantly reduces the number of fungal communities, decreased by 60.25% and 58.92%.4. The soil microbial exerts different ability to use different carbon sources under the influence of different fertilization methods. The ability of soil microbial utilization was larger to use carbohydrates and amino acids in each process and was smaller to use carboxylic acids compounds and aromatic compounds. The process of chemical fertilizer with fulvic promoted better the use of soil microorganisms on carbon source. The process of chemical fertilizer with sheep manure and chemical fertilizer with cow dung significantly promoted bacterial biomass, actinomycetes biomass, fungal biomass, the growth of protozoa and other flora microbial.5. Under fertilizer treatments, the leaf area index of crop coincided the Logistic curve in whole growth period, the biomass showed a linear upward trend. The process of chemical fertilizer with sheep manure had greater influence on both, which shows it batter improve crop’s leaf area index and biomass. The production was significantly higher than other fertilization treatment under chemical fertilizer with sheep manure, was increased by 2.50 times compared with CK, the effect of improving was more obvious for the yield.