| Rainwater harvesting and coverage are two important techniques of agricultural production technology, rainwater harvesting, water conservation, regulating soil environment, promoting crop growth and development. Full using of rainwater harvesting techniques for agricultural production is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture in Northwest China. In this study, field experiments, set up five treatments: the ridge covered albuginea and not covered ditch(F1), ridge covered albuginea and ditch covered straw(F2), ridge not covered and ditch covered straw(F3), ridge covered black film and ditch covered straw(F4), not covered the ridge and ditch(CK) to study the effects of different treatments on the growth of summer maize and soil environmental conditions. Concluded as follow:1. Different harvesting cover croppings have significant effects on growth of summer maize. Growth period, covering the processing of plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter accumulation was higher volume, which can effectively promote crop growth and development. Dual Mulch(F2 and F4) to promote crop growth was more pronounced than single coverage(F1 and F3). In the early summer maize growth, seedling and jointing early,black film ridge covered and ditch covered straw of height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter accumulation were higher than the ridge cover albuginea and ditch cover straw. With the advance of crop growth, in late summer corn, ridge covered albuginea and ditch covered straw of height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter accumulation were higher than the black film covered ridge and ditch covered straw, corn of ridge covered albuginea and ditch covered straw is more conducive to growth and development.2. Under different harvesting cover planting, 5-25 cm soil layer soil temperature of summer corn was in differences. In the whole growth period of summer maize, crop soil tilth temperature and air temperature were positively correlated. In the early growth of corn, the temperature descending order F1> CK> F4> F3> F2, the ridge with film can play on insulation warming effect. Covered the black film is better than the albuginea warming effect on the ridge. Trench straw mulch can serve as cooling insulation effect. Corn growing late, after August 14, with the lower temperature, soil temperature treatments continue to lower, soil temperature difference between the treatments and gradually weakened, and was no longer evident. In the early summer maize, seedling and jointing, air temperature being higher, the soil daily temperature of each treatment was larger.In the late summer corn, heading and filling stage, with the atmospheric temperature decreases, the soil temperature difference between day of all treatments significantly reduced. The whole growth period, Dual Mulch being the minimum daily temperature, that is, insulation effect of Dual Mulch.was better.3. Effects of rainwater harvesting, water conservation of different cover and harvesting rainwater planting were different, resulting in different soil moisture condition. Summer growth period, 0-40 cm soil layer moisture size relationship: F4> F2> F3> F1> CK, 0-100 cm soil water storage size relationship: F4> F2> F3> F1> CK. In the summer corn at different growth stages, Each treatment 0-100 cm soil moisture vertical distribution were different, with soil depth deeper, soil moisture differences between treatment decreased. Shallow soil differences are significant, Dual Mulch significantly higher than single coverage, Single coverage being significantly higher than the control; soil moisture deep soil 80-100 cm difference is not obvious. So effects of water storage and soil moisture conservation of mulching treatments were better than no cover. Dual Mulch, plastic(ridge) and straw(ditch) combination of cover, was better than single coverage of effects of water storage and soil moisture conservation.4. Different cover rainwater harvesting of planting had influence on summer corn yield and water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency. Ridge covered albuginea and ditch not covered, ditch cover straw and ridge cover albuginea, not covered ridge and groove cladding straw, ridge covered black film and trench cover straw of yield followed 4610 kg · hm-2,5723 kg · hm-2,4452 kg · hm-2 and 5606 kg · hm-2, compared with the control, were increased by 9.8%, 36.9%, 3.6% and 32.1%; water use efficiency were 14.6 kg /(mm · hm2), 18.2kg /(mm · hm2), 13.8 kg /(mm · hm2) and 17.6 kg /(mm · hm2), were increased by 9.8%, 36.9%, 3.6% and 32.1%. F1, F2, F3 and F4 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use efficiency were increased by 7.4%, 33.3%, 3.7%, 30.6%. Film(ridge) and straw(ditch) may play a role in water conservation coverage, it is possible to improve the soil moisture condition, reducing crop water consumption, increase corn yield and fertilizer use efficiency. Dual Mulch is better than a single cover, Dual Mulch of albuginea yield and fertilizer use... |
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