| Sugarcane is one of the main sugar producing crops in China. Therefore, it is an important measure to improve the yield of sugarcane, which is an important measure to solve the problem that Chinese sugar production can not meet the demand of the society. The sugarcane growers in different growth periods of sugarcane fertilization. And fertilizing amount is larger, but the application fertilizer can not be completely absorbed by plants and nutrients will with rainwater leaching and evaporation into the atmosphere or is fixed in the soil, which not only increases the sugar cane cultivation cost, also can cause the pollution of the environment. Therefore, in order to improve the utilization rate of sugarcane nutrients, saving labor costs, in the planting process, it is necessary to study the optimum fertilization mode. A lot of studies on optimizing the way of sugarcane fertilization are reported, but there are few reports about the application of bag controlled fertilizer in sugarcane, our study was established at sugarcane field in Fujian Agriculture And Forestry University, Fuzhou, China. This experiments were set up 10 treatments, each with 3 repetitions,30 pilot areas. Control processing to compound and mixed fertilizer A, B and F test fertilizer (Compound fertilizer A and B were 60%,30% of coated fertilizer mixed with urea and potassium chloride respectively, fertilizer F was the conventional compound fertilizer) were set up CA2 (2 hole compound and mixed fertilizer A bag controlled processing), CA4 (4 hole compound fertilizer A bag controlled processing), NA (routine application of compound fertilizer A) and CB2 (2 pore complex fertilizer bag B), CB4 (4 pore complex fertilizer bag B treatment) and NB (routine application of compound fertilizer B), CF2 (2 pore complex fertilizer F bag controlled processing), CF4 treatment (4 pore complex fertilizer F bag controlled processing) and NF (routine application of compound fertilizer F, also the sugarcane farmers used fertilizer and CK (no fertilizer treatment), To study the different fertilization on sugarcane agronomic traits, sugar cane stem yield, cane sugar yield, soil nutrient and enzyme activity change and sugarcane maturity period of fresh leaf nutrient change of influence and the economic benefits of different fertilization methods were analyzed, test results are as follows:(1) The effective stalk number of the first year’s sugarcane (2013) and ratoon cane (2014) was the highest with CA4 treatment (5655 plants/667m2) and both of CA2 and CA4 treatment (5525 plants/667m2), respectively. The mean cane length of the first year’s sugarcan the highest (220.0cm) one was CB2 treatment, while with the ratoon cane the highest (244.0cm) one was NA treatment. The mean cane stem diameter in new planted cane the maximum (2.80cm) was with treatment CF2, while with the ratoon cane was the NB treatment. The sugar content of sugarcane in CB4 treatment was the highest (14.89%),also the ratoon cane in CB4 treatment was the highest (16.33%).(2) According to the mean yield of 2 years of sugarcane stem, CB2 treatment’s was 24.04% higher than that of NF treatment. The 2 years mean sucrose yield, CB2 processing was increased 25.25% than that of NF processing. Compare with the three kinds of compound fertilizer, the cane and sugar yield of the bag controlled application processing are higher than that of the application of conventional treatment, especially CB2 treatment the average cane and sugar yield were the highest 114.44 t/hm2 and 17.46 t/hm2, respectively.(3) The smaller effect of different fertilization on soil physical clay content. During the 2 years of the experiment, the pH value of all treatments decreased. Soil organic matter content of each treatment were compared to those before have different degrees of increase. The content of total nitrogen, which was with fertilization in the experiments after a period of two years, also total phosphorus and total potassium, alkali solution nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were first increased and then decreased. The soil urease and invertase activities were higher by treated with A and B, but the acid phosphatase activity was higher in the treatment of F. There was a significant correlation between soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity. The contents of soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium ion of different fertilization reduced by compared to background, but the CK processing is the highest in the ratoon crop year (February 2015). The content of exchangeable calcium and magnesium ions were 17.75 cmol/kg and 1.31 cmol/kg respectively. But the soil exchangeable calcium and magnesium content of sugarcane and cane yield was negatively correlated.(4)The contents of total N,P,K,Ca and Mg of ratoon sugarcane in mature fresh leaf were higher than those of the first year’s cane. The contents of total N,P,K,Ca and Mg of both of the new plant sugarcane(February 2014) and ratoon sugarcane were the highest by CB2 and CA2 treatments was the highest,respectively.(5) Calculated using the yield per cane two years, sugarcane stems per hectare to CB2 processing efficiency highest, for 41756.13 yuan, higher than that of CK 8233.41 yuan, and than that of NF treatment (the conventional fertilization used by the sugarcane growers) 7522.86 yuan. The benefits of the three treatments of the same type of fertilizer were 2 hole bag control and 4 hole bag control treatment. |
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