| Growth habit is an important morphological trait of soybean [Gfycine max (L.) Merr.], which was related to yield. In Liaoning region, however, the response mechanism of soybean cultivars with different growth habit to fertilizer needed to be cleared. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fertilizer on agronomic, physiological, yield, and quality traits of soybean cultivars with different growth habit and evaluate the stability, in order to provide the theory basis in breeding and cultivation. The semi-determinate cultivars Shennong 9, Shennong1O, Tiefeng 31 and determinate cultivars Dandou 11, Shennong 8 ， Shennong 16 were used in this study. There were three fertilizer levers including low fertilizer (FO), middle fertilizer (F150), and high fertilizer (F300) in 2014 and 2015. Results showed that:1. The yield of semi-determinate cultivars in test was higher than that of determinate cultivars. The semi-determinate cultivars showed lower difference of yield, agronomic and physiological traits between 2014 and 2015 than determinate cultivars. The semi-determinate cultivars showed higher in plant height, nodes and pods weight, and higher in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, SPAD, nodule nitrogenous activity, root activity, root bleeding sap weight, NRA and GSA at R4 stage; but the determinate growth habit cultivars showed lower in plant height and lodging score, and higher in LAI at R4 stage and higher seed-stem ratio and branch.2. With the treatment of fertilizer, the average of yield, pods weight, seed-stem ratio, plant height, nodes, internode length, branch and lodging score was increased. There was a difference of response to fertilizer between the semi-determinate and determinate cultivars. When the semi-determinate cultivars were in high fertilizer (F300) condition, they had higher yield, pods weight, seed-stem ratio, plant height and nodes. However, when the determinate cultivars were in middle fertilizer (F150) condition, they had higher yield, pod weight and seed-stem ratio.3. With the treatment of fertilizer, the average of LAI, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, SPAD, root activity, root bleeding sap weight, NRA and GSA at R4 stage was increased. When the semi-determinate cultivars were in high fertilizer (F300) condition, they had higher physiological traits. However, when the determinate cultivars were in middle fertilizer (F150) condition, they had higher physiological traits. Although the nodule nitrogenous activity was decreased with the fertilizer treatment, the decrease of semi-determinate cultivars was less than that of determinate cultivars.4. The fertilizer treatment could improve the nutriture of the leaf, stem, pod and seed. The N content, P content, and K content of plant were increased with the fertilizer treatment. The increase of semi-determinate cultivars was more than that of determinate cultivars.5. The protein content and amino acid content of seed were increased by the fertilizer treatment. There was no significant effect of fertilizer treatment on the oil content of seed. Although the oleic acid and linoleic acid content of seed were decreased and linolenic acid content of seed was increased by the fertilizer treatment, it was no significance. Soybean quality traits were mainly determined by their own characteristics of cultivar, and also had no obvious correlation with podding habits.These results suggested that the semi-determinate growth habit cultivars showed higher yield potential, and stronger fertilizer resistance and stability in Liaoning region. There was no significant effect of fertilizer treatment on quality traits of soybean cultivars. |
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