Study On The Screening Of Grass Species And Effects Of Sod Culture On Micro-climate And Fruit Quality In Jujube Orchard

Because of sod culture that can improve micro-climate environment.,which have a effect on improving soil nutrient,preventing soil erosion and droughting soil moisture etc. In recent years, Sod culture is an important cultivate method which the majority of farmers are managing the orchard, and achieved obviously social economic, ecological effects. In order to explore the effects of sod culture on micro-climate, fruit quality and forage nutrient contentand in close planting Jujube orchard. The effects of inter-planting bentgress, ryegrass and lotus corniculatus orchard,as cover crops on the micro-climate of a Jujube orchard of Alar regional were studied.Compared with clean tillage. The field sampling and laboratory analysis combination methods were used to measure soil nutrients and characteristics, the number of insect species, soil temperature, temperature and humidity of orchard, fruit quality, forage nutritional ingredients and environmental factors etc in Jujube orchard. Main research results were as follows:1.In July, The air temperature of inter-planting white clover, bentgrass, ryegrass and Lotus root was lower than clean tillage orchard, respectively reduced by 1.34 ℃, 1.01 ℃,0.64 ℃, 1.26 ℃. However, the air relative humidity higher than clean tillage area was,respectively increased by 15.04 %, 8.66 %, 7.36 % and 7.39 %. In soil temperature respects,it’s significantly differences with clean tillage in different soil layers(May to August),especially topsoil, respectively reduced by 8.09 ℃, 4.43 ℃, 5.55 ℃. However, the temperature of other sod culture was no significant more difference than clean tillage area(April to July).Comprehensive analysis showed that white clover orchard showed better in air temperature,air relative humidity and soil temperature than other intercropping forage grass orchard.2.Sod culture could change soil physicochemical properties. In soil physical propertiesrespects, the soil moisture of clover orchard was higher than clean tillage orchard on 0-60 cm layer, except 40-60 cm,respectively improved by 5.30 %, 3.17 %;the soil bulk density of clover orchard was lower than clean tillage orchard, respectively reduced by 0.31 g/cm3、0.32g/cm3 、 0.35 g/cm3; soil ph value was from 7.94 and 7.92(clean tillage area) to 7.71 and7.89(clover area). except 40-60 cm layer. In terms of soil nutrient content, the clover orchard’s soil organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium content was significantly higher than clean tillage orchard on 0-60 cm layer, respectively improved by 3.94 g/kg, 3.04 g/kg, 2.08 g/kg;1.24 g/kg, 1.03 g/kg, 0.82 g/kg and 16.34 mg/kg, 49.00 mg/kg, 49.00 mg/kg. However, lotus root orchard’s ammonia N was higher than clean tillage orchard, respectively improved by23.05 mg/kg, 12.59 mg/kg. The treatment area’s total phosphorous had a significant difference on 0-60 cm soil layer, especially clean tillage orchard for 1.32 g/kg, 1.27 g/kg. But soil total potassium showed no significant difference in different soil layers.3.The soil enzyme activities of each treatment region were significantly different. Clover orchard’s Urease and Catalase were higher than clean tillage orchard, except catalase(40-60cm), respectively improved by 20.13 mg/g, 5.99 mg/g, 3.76 mg/g and 41.86 mg/g,16.1 mg/g. However, lotus root orchard’s sucrase and phosphatase is higher than clean tillage orchard, except sucrase(0-60 cm) and Phosphatase(0-20), respectively improved by 0.49 ml/g,0.48 ml/g and 1.65mg/kg, 1.07 mg/kg.4.The number of insect was altered by planting suitable grass. First, the number of insect was prior altered on Jujube trees, compared with clean tillage orchard, the number of insect(pest) were down, but the change of insects were stable. However, the number of insects of clean tillage orchard were unstable, it’s occur to peak in May. The number of insects were lower than clean tillage orchard. The results that the number of natural enemies were increased in July 10-August 30. The number of insect were higher than clean tillage area. The result that sod culture as natural enemies of survival and reproduction provided a good habitat.5.There were significantly different in the quality of fruit of each treatment region inJujube orchard.Compared with clean tillage orchard, soluble solids(35.90 %) and total sugar content(34.87 %) of white clover orchard was significantly increased, respectively improved by 0.47 %, 0.85 %. However, the vitamin c of fruit of Lotus root orchard was higher than clean tillage area, for 471.13 mg/g. The water content of fruits of white clover orchard were lower than other treatment region. for 62.59 % and 62.71 %. However, the organic acid of fruit was no significant difference in treatment region. Comprehensive analysis showed that white clover showed better in the quality of fruit than other treatment region.6.The forage’s production and nutritional ingredients was significantly different in treatment region. Compared with other forages, the crude protein content and fresh weigh of white clover were higher, respectively reached by 11.70 %,3.17 kg/m2;the fat content of white clover could reach to 8.48 %;the higher crude ash content of white clover could reach by21.30 %.However, the rude fiber content and dry weight yield of bentgrass were higher,reached by 43.03 %, 0.37 kg.