Study On The The Second Fruit Of Grape

Grape has high nutritional and economic value, consumers and growers deeply loved it, but its routine management is more complex than the other fruits, the ineffective management can reduce the yield of the first fruit or even has a total destruction, such as the growth regulators errors、the wrong method of winter pruning; and the frequency of the weather extreme weather events pose threat to the first yield; coupling with the improvement of people’s living standards, the supply of fresh grape have become increasingly demanding, the technology of the second fruit of grape can reduce the loss of the fruit and can extend the supply of the fresh grape. This study takes the 3 years old Xiangyue and Xiahei grape of Shuangliu County as research object, by orthogonal experimental design, use different measures to promote the second flower-bud differentiation and use different concentration of cyanamide to break the dormancy of buds at different time to promote the second fruit. The growth and fruiting characteristics, the phenological period and fruit quality of the first and second grape were analyzed and determined systematically, to provide practical basis for the second fruit of grape product. The results are as follows.(1) On May 15th (after the first fruit set 18 days、on May 22th (after the first fruit set 25 days)、on May 29th (after the first fruit set 32 days), promote the second flower bud differentiation on Xiangyue grape、Xiahei grape, At June 2nd、June9th、June 16th, break the dormancy of buds in summer, the result shows that:the treatment that promoting the second flower bud differentiation on Xiangyue grape、Xiahei grape on May 15th (after the first fruit set 18 days、on May 22th (afert the first fruit set 25 days), breaking the dormancy of buds in summer at June 2nd、June 9th can promote the second fruit, the second fruit can ripe normally (exclude girdling on Xiangyue grape at May 22th), these treatments can extend the maturity 60-94 days on Xiangyue grape, extend the maturity 60-105 days on Xiahei grape. The treatment that promoting the second flower bud differentiation on Xiangyue grape、Xiahei grape on May 29th (after the first fruit set 32 days), breaking the dormancy of buds in summer at June 16th can promote the second fruit, but the second fruit can not ripe normally. Among these treatments, on May 22th (after the first fruit set 25 days), promoting the second flower bud differentiation on Xiangyue grape、Xiahei grape, at June 9th, breaking the dormancy of buds in summer to promote the second fruit, the germination rate、branching ratio、fruit branch rate are higher than May 15th and May 29th, and the quality is better than May 15th and May 29th. So, on May 22th (after the first fruit set 25 days), promoting the second flower bud differentiation on grape, at June 9th, breaking the dormancy of buds in summer to promote the second fruit is the best treating date.(2)Using the paclobutrazol 1000 times which effective content is 15%、the chlormequat 1500 times which effective content is 50%、girdling on Xiangyue grape、 Xiahei grape can promote the second flower bud differentiation. these treatments can improve the fruit branch rate significantly, and there was no significant effect on germination rate、branching ratio and grape quality. The fruit branch rate is high and have the best effect on the second flower bud differentiation by using the paclobutrazol 1000 times which effective content is 15%、the chlormequat 1500 times which effective content is 50%, besides, grape can be ripened advance compare to the treatment of girdling. The effects on the second flower bud differentiation of the girding is not good, it can not meet the requirements of grape product.(3)The results that using different concentration of cyanamide to break the dormancy of buds in summer are as follows:the concentration of cyanamide is 1.5%、2.0%、2.5% had a certain effect on breaking the dormancy of buds in summer. the concentration of cyanamide is 2.0% and 2.5% on Xiangyue grape、2.0% on Xiahei grape have the best bud dormancy breaking efficiency, they can improve the germination rate and sprouting uniformity, and had no significant effect on the fruit branch rate and the fruit quality.(4)This study taken orthogonal experimental design, the results shows that:Spraying the paclobutrazol 1000 times which effective content is 15% and the chlormequat 1500 times which effective content is 50% on Xiangyue grape、Xiahei grape on May 22th (after the first fruit set 25 days), Sprayed the second time with the same concentration at May 29th. Coated buds with cyanamide 2.0%、2.5% on grape(the 4th and 5th treatment). The germination rate、branching ratio、fruit branch rate、setting percentage were higher, the quality were better than other’s by these treatments, and the second fruit can mature naturally, Although Its’ average weight of an ear、the average weight of one fruit、the vertical diameter、the cross section of the fruit are smaller than the first fruit, but Its can achieve commercial requirements. Otherwise, Its’ fruit hardness、total soluble、reducing sugar、titrable acidity、vitamin c are better than the first fruit. they are the best treatments for promoting the second fruit.