| In this paper, using Balado grape floral clusters as the tested materials to study the effects of pruning of floral cluster on endogenous hormones; using Summer Black grape as the tested material to study the effects of different lengths of floral cluster by pruning on fruit growth and qualities and compare the four methods used for pruning floral cluster; using Muscat of Alexandria grape as the material to study the effects of different lengths of floral cluster by pruning on fruit qualities; using Houman grape as the materal to study the effects of different lengths of floral cluster by pruning on fruit qualities; using Wink grape as the material to study the effects of different lengths of floral cluster by pruning on fruit qualities; using Manicure Finger grape as the material to study the effects of different lengths of floral cluster by pruning on fruit qualities. The main results are as follows:1. Using Balado grape floral clusters as the tested materials, only remaining the tip of the grape floral clusters about 3-5 cm and cutting off the other parts 7 days before the full-bloom stage. We employed ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) to evaluate the contents of ABA(abscisic acid), IAA(indole acetic acid), GA(gibberellic acid) and CTK(cytokinin) at different developmental stages from florescence to young fruit period. Results showed that the content of ABA was significant higher than control’s on young fruit period, the content of IAA was significant lower than control’s on full-bloom stage and young fruit period, the content of GA was significant lower than control’s from full-bloom stage to young fruit period, the content of CTK was significant higher than control’s on full-bloom stage and late florescence. At the same time, the ratios of IAA /ABA and GA/ABA were more stable. Accordingly, pruning of floral cluster can keep the flower and ftuit from falling and make a contribution to the growth and metabolism of grape floral clusters.2. Using Summer Black grape as the material, only remained the tip of the grape floral clusters 3 cm,4 cm,5 cm and 7 cm, and cut off the other parts 7 days before the florescence, and using the clusters without cutting as the control. The grape floral clusters treated with 50 mg/L GA3 on full-bloom stage and they were divided into 3 teams and respectively used 50 mg/L GA3,50 mg/L GA3+2.5 mg/L CPPU,50 mg/L GA3+5 mg/L CPPU 15 days after full-bloom stage. Results showed that the treatments of 3 cm,4 cm and 5 cm all significantly increased the length and diameter of berry, the every berry weight and the total soluble solids content and they all significantly decreased the titratable acid content. It is recommended that the floral clusters pruned to 3 cm and treated with 50 mg/L GA3 on full-bloom stage and 50 mg/L GA3+2.5 mg/L CPPU 15 days after full-bloom stage in production. We used four methods for pruning floral clusters 7 days before the florescence. The first method was remaining the first basal branch of grape floral cluster and cutting off the other parts. The second method was remaining the first and second basal branches of grape floral cluster and cutting off the other parts. The third method was remaining the sub-cluster and cutting off the other parts. The last method was only remaining the tip of the grape floral cluster and cutting off the other parts. While pruning floral clusters, we counted the working time of pruning ten floral clusters with each method. By comparing the length and diameter of berry, the every berry weight, the total soluble solids content, the titratable acid content, the colored peel indicators L, a, b, C, h values and work efficiency, results showed that remaining the tip of the grape floral cluster was the best one of the four treatments. It is recommended that primarily used the treatment of only remaining the tip of the grape floral clusters by remaining the first basal branch or the first and second basal branches of grape floral cluster for auxiliary in production.3. Muscat of Alexandria grape as the material, only remained the tip of the grape floral clusters 3 cm,5 cm,7 cm and 9 cm, and cut off the other parts 7 days before the florescence. We used the clusters without cutting as the control. Results showed that the treatments of 3 cm,5 cm,7 cm and 9 cm were all better than the control in fruit qualities. The treatment of 5 cm was significantly increased the length and diameter of berry, the every berry weight, the total soluble solids content and the titratable acid content. It was recommended that pruned the grape floral clusters to 5 cm applied in production.4. Houman grape as the material, only remained the tip of the grape floral clusters 3 cm,5 cm and 7 cm, and cut off the other parts 7 days before the florescence, and used the clusters without cutting as the control. Results showed that the treatments of 3 cm,5 cm and 7 cm were all better than the control in fruit qualities. But the treatment of 3 cm was significantly increased the length and diameter of berry, the every berry weight and the total soluble solids content and significantly decreased the titratable acid content. And it also could improve the degree of fruit coloring and deepen the skin color of fruit. It was recommended that pruned the grape floral clusters to 3 cm applied in production.5. Wink grape as the matreial, only remained the tip of the grape floral clusters 3 cm,5 cm and 7 cm, and cut off the other parts 7 days before the florescence, and used the clusters without cutting as the control. Results showed that the treatments of 3 cm,5 cm and 7 cm were all better than the control in fruit qualities.But there was no significant difference in the titratable acid content. The treatment of 5 cm was significantly increased the length and diameter of berry, the every berry weight and the total soluble solids content. And it also could keep the index of fruit shape. It was recommended that pruned the grape floral clusters to 5 cm applied in production.6. Manicure Finger grape as the material, only remained the tip of the grape floral clusters 3 cm,5 cm and 7 cm, and cut off the other parts 7 days before the florescence, and used the clusters without cutting as the control. Results showed that the treatments of 3 cm, 5 cm and 7 cm were all better than the control in improving the degree of fruit coloring and deepening the skin color of fruit. But the treatment of 5 cm was significantly increased the every berry weight. It was recommended that pruned the grape floral clusters to 5 cm in production. |
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