| In recent years, our country launched food production projects which gave Jiangsu province the goal of 43 billion kilograms of grain. Province’s grain breeding and cultivation techniques have been relatively mature, rice yield per unit has been the highest of all provinces, but there is also rising space of wheat and corn production. Currently the most important factor that severely constrained the food production was the quality of the soil.At present, most areas in our province is still using the traditional farming methods, namely using furrow plough, rotary cultivator, rake and other agricultural machineries on managing soil after harvesting, so soil turned serious. Years of tilling work resulted in 12-16cm of top layer of soil, and soil being compacted seriously at the same time. Slowly the plough pan become hard and brittle, hinder the internal moisture penetration and soil moisture storage. Multiple ploughing led to massive death of earthworms and other organisms in the soil and soil capillary destroyed, ability of transporting and storage of soil nutrients decreased and become difficult to satisfy the normal demand for water, fertilizer, gas and heat of crop growth. Machines worked at one season of many times into the soil lead to soil compaction; rainfall runoff phenomenon is very outstanding, soil water storage ability to keep moisture obviously inadequate.In order to improve the soil fertility and improve the production of wheat and corn, a most effective method is to give priority to mechanized subsoiling of conservation tillage technology. And the key of mechanical subsoiling technology is to select suitable model in our province to promote subsoiling, and to achieve the unification of the economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits, promote the sustainable development of agriculture.Based on the technology application of Anhui province, the research was done in different types of soil by choosing all-round subsoiling machine, local subsoiling and subsoiling-soil preparation combination machinery. Crop varieties, sowing date, fertilizer levels, management mode under the condition of the same data comparison were monitored. Through analyzing the production areas of assessment, testing mechanical adaptability using the indexes such as reliability and economy analysis, suitable subsoiling machine in our province is recommended.Experimental study shows that all-round subsoiling machine, local subsoiling and subsoiling-soil preparation combination machinery can work well in clay and salty loam areas, especially worked with tractor of more than 80 horsepower. It is better to buy subsoiling-soil preparation combination machinery for machinist in the case of economic reason, and 1SZL 190 is recommended.From impact on soil properties, three kinds of machines selected can improve the soil moisture content and bulk density. In the growth of rice, maize and wheat, they also have different degrees of promoting function, yields have increased significantly. As the test shows, the adaptability of three kinds of machines is good, and peanuts can select what kind of machine they need according to economic conditions and dynamic configuration of machine.The experimental study has studied three kinds of subsoiling machine under different conditions of the soil on crop yield and soil properties and got a conclusion about the selection of suitable machines in our province. The application of the recommended machine can improve the soil fertility and increase crop yields, and it also plays an important role in the development of agricultural production. |
