Study Of Conservation Tillage Technology Model In Shaanxi

Shaanxi Province is a agricultural provinces where is drought and water shortage, the total area of dry land is over 60% of arable land, which is mainly agricultural land. So, drought and water shortage are the main factors to constraint to agricultural development. In traditional farming systems, because of soil erosion, water erosion, and severe environmental deterioration, agricultural yield low and unstable. In recent years, dust storms, soil desertification more intense in the North, result to huge losses, which greatly restricted the development of agricultural production.Conservation tillage is a new farming technique relative to conventional tillage, it canceled plow tillage to minimize soil cultivation, to go on no-till seeding and fertilization operations while retaining the premise of the implementation of land cover, which retain the soil and create a self-protection function. Conservation tillage is the revolutionary changes of farming from purely transforming the natural to using it. Conservation tillage also is an important change of agricultural growth and development, which received worldwide attention and promotion and has played an active role in promoting sustainable development of agriculture.This paper researched kinds of conservation tillage technique based on the actual nature conditions of Shaanxi, proposed three kinds of conservation tillage technique model according to local conditions while combining with the geographical features of Shaanxi dry land. This paper also validated various models suited to conditions in the reliability and feasibility through the experimental analysis in Northwest A & F University.In Weibei dry farming area, the main technology pattern is taken: Wheat Harvested by harvesters and leaving stubble - Subsoiling - Weed control during ley farming - Free (or less) tillage sowing of wheat- Field management, Corn harvest and straw crushed- Subsoiling- Free (or less) tillage sowing of corn- Management. Results show that: the pattern of free tillage + coverage of high stubble and subsoiling + coverage can increase production by 37.5% and 34.9% compared to traditional farming pattern.In the Loess Plateau hilly dry farming areas, the main technology pattern is taken: Corn harvesting- Straw crushed - shallow rake (rotation) repression - Fallow period of winter - Free (or less) tillage sowing of corn - Field management, Corn harvest and leaving stubble - Fallow period of winter- Free (or less) tillage sowing of corn - Field management. Test showed that: The crushed stalk shallow rotary tillage and straw mulching mode compared to traditional open-air model significantly improved soil moisture, and nutrient content, trace elements than conventional tillage systems to improve large area.In cultivated areas with serious sand along the Great Wall, the main technology pattern is taken: Corn harvest and leaving stubble - Fallow period of winter - Free (or less) tillage sowing of corn - Field management, Corn harvest and leaving stubble - Fallow period of winter - Light spin (minimum tillage) planting - Field management. On the stubble solid earth, the next year to avoid the wrong line (less) tillage fertilization techniques of conservation tillage planting system of data analysis showed that compared with conventional tillage systems, increased maize production by 480 kg/hm2, increase income by 1 590.5 yuan/hm2, wind erosion was reduced by 37%, the model provide a technical basis for reducing wind erosion , desertification, and increasing soil fertility.It has been found that the implementation of conservation tillage is benefit to the country's agricultural practices, especially in arid areas of Shaanxi province.