| The fermentation bed has been promoted in many provinces in order to solve the manure pollution problem. As the model of fermentation bed has been widely applied, people paid more and more attention to its safety, and the effects of the number and diversity of bacteria in duck gut on the fermentation bed.In this research,we studied the content of Moisture,nitrate nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,and the activity of protease, cellulase and urease in different padding. The content of nitrite in both padding and the meat of the ducks were also examined in order to explore the effect of the change in the diversity and amount of the fermented bed on the intestinal microflora in ducks.The results showed that:1. The moisture of the Fermentation bed padding samples were about 47%-49%, The water content showed an increasing trend along with the depth and the time of use.2. The pH value in all padding samples were slightly alkaline (7.3-7.6), there was no statistical significance in the same layer padding of different time or in the same time padding of different layer. The pH showed an increasing trend along with the depth and the time of use.3. The activity of protease, cellulase and urease showed significant differences in the same time padding of different layer (P<0.05).The activity of protease, cellulase and urease activity decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the same layer padding of different time.4. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of the under layer in both one-month and six-month padding were significantly higher than that in the surface layer (P<0.05). And the six-month padding was higher than the one-month padding (P<0.05)5. The results of nitrite in both padding and meat of ducks reached the national standard complianced with food safety requirements. The six-month padding had a higher content of nitrite (P<0.05) while there was no significant difference in the meat of ducks which growed in different fermentation bed.6. The number of bacteria reduced along with the time of the padding, the amount of bacteria on the surface layer was higher than that in the under layer. With the increased depth,Bacillus and Enterococcus significantly reduced, E.coli had a decreasing trend,but Lactobacillus was increasing. With the increased use of time, the total amount of bacteria, the number of Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Enterococcus significantly Teduced(P<0.05). Bacillus owned a maximum number and then was Lactobacillus, E. coli, Enterococcus had a relatively minimal number.As we can see from the DGGE chart,the average bands in the surface layer were higher than the under layer. The individual spectra similarity in all samples were above 49%. The padding with different time of use gathered in different regions, indicating that the composition of bacteria in different padding was different.while in the different layer, the composition of bacteria was similar.The diversity index were statistically significant(P<0.05) indicated that the diversity of flora in fermented bed had a significant difference. The diversity of flora in one-month padding was higher than that in the six-month padding. The diversity of bacteria decreased along with the depth and the time of use.7. Compared with Cecum,the amount of E.coli, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Enterococcus in ileum was significantly different while there was no significant difference in the same bowel.The DGGE chart showed that compared with the ileum, cecum shared an rich bands,The individual spectra similarity in all samples were above 50%, especially the samples of ileum. PCA chart showed that the samples of cecum and ileum gathered in two regions respectively. The results showed that the bacterial composition in cecum and ileum was different.The diversity index were statistically significant (P<0.05) indicated that the diversity of bacterial in cecum and ileum was different while there was no difference among the same part of bowel. |
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