| Determine the irrigation frequency on the production of drip spring wheat in Xinjiang, was based on irrigation water requirement rules andexperience under conventional irrigation of spring wheat, however, there were many problems such as randomness irrigation frequency, unreasonable irrigation methods, low utilization of water and fertilizer and other issues. Therefore, the reproducibility of high yield was poor and large-scale continuous and stable high yield of theoreticalguidance was so lacking that it couldn’t achieve large area high yield.The paper researched dry matter production and the rule of yield formpopulation under different water and nitrogen treatment from the perspective of crop community development, clarified population structure characteristicsofhigh yield drip spring wheat, and revealed the high yield mechanism of drip spring wheatmaterial production, storage and transportation, and tried to find the best combination of irrigation and fertilization, provided a theoretical basis and technical guidance in order to further improve the yield and irrigation water and nitrogen use efficiency of Xinjiang drip spring wheat drip spring wheat yield and superhighyield population index was put forward.The main experimental conclusions were summarized as follows:1. Under the condition of water and nitrogen treatment, the moderate irrigation frequency and amount of nitrogen could increase the total number of stems, decline sterile spikelet number so that increased the harvest panicles and tillers rate. If irrigation frequency and nitrogen were too high or too low, the spring wheat total number of stems would decrease. Grain leaf ratio and the dry matter accumulation after anthesis were very significant positive correlation with yield, there was a quadratic function relation between LAI and yield. The yield reached the maximum value when Xin Chun6 LAI was 7.01 and Xin Chun35 LAI was 7.58 on booting stage. Under different irrigation frequency and nitrogen treatment, grain leaf ratio and storage capacity first increased and then decreased with the increase of irrigation frequency and nitrogen. Under different treatment within the varieties, MN2(7 d, 300 kg·hm-2) treatment of Xin Chun6 and MN1(7 d, 225 kg·hm-2) treatment of Xin Chun35 population quality were the best, Xin Chun6 population quality were the best between different varieties, grain leaf ratio and grain weight higher than 6.58%, 25.05% compared with Xin Chun35, reached a significant difference(P <0.05).2. Drip spring wheat flag leaf Pn, Tr and Gs firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of water and nitrogen fertilizer, Ci showed the opposite trend; there were very significant positive correlation between flag leaf photosynthetic rate and yield after anthesis. Experiments results showed that MN2(7 d, 300 kg·hm-2) photosynthetic characteristics of Xin Chun6 was the best,flag leaf photosynthetic rate was 25.62μmol·m-2·s-1and Fv/Fm was 0.96 after anthesis, MN1(7 d, 225 kg·hm-2) treatment of Xin Chun35 flag leaf photosynthetic rate was 24.32μmol·m-2·s-1and Fv/Fm was 0.90 after anthesis. Xinchun 6 MN2 treatment flag leaf net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, flag leaftranspiration rate, PSII photochemical efficiency improved 5.35%, 6.25%, 5.11%, 6.67% comparedwith Xinchun 35 MN1(7 d, 300 kg·hm-2), while the Xin Chun35 MN1 intracellular concentration was higher 5.71% than Xin Chun6 MN2 treatment.3. Under the same irrigationfrequency, drip irrigation spring wheat yield and yield components increased with increaseof nitrogen, yield began to slowly decline when Xin Chun6 nitrogen reached 300 kg·hm-2(N2) and Xin Chun35 nitrogen reached 225 kg·hm-2(N1).Under different irrigation frequency and the same nitrogen, with increase of irrigation frequency, yield and its components increased firstly and then decreased. Xin Chun6 MN2(7 d,300 kg·hm-2) yield reached 9155.79 kg·hm-2 and had the highest yield, Xin Chun35 MN1(7 d,225 kg·hm-2) yield reached 8789.96 kg·hm-2 and had the highest yield. Correlation analysisand path analysis of yield components showed that grain number of Xin Chun6 had the greatest effect on the yield of drip-irrigated spring wheat, in the order grain number per spike>spike number>1000-grain weight. Irrigation frequency and nitrogen had significant interaction effecton yield,when the nitrogen was 308.63 kg·hm-2, irrigation frequency was 6.52 days, drip irrigation spring wheat yield reached a maximum 8804.2 kg·hm-2.Xinchun 35 showed a direct effect on the maximum yield, when nitrogen was 256.42 kg·hm-2 and irrigation frequency was 6.74 d, wheat yield reached a maximum 8579.47 kg·hm-2.4.Under the same irrigation frequency and different nitrogen, water use efficiency and nitrogen physiological use efficiency increaseed with increase of nitrogen,when Xin Chun6 nitrogen reached 300 kg·hm-2(N2), Xinchun35 nitrogen reached 225 kg·hm-2(N1), the water and nitrogen use efficiency gradually decreased.The the water and nitrogen use efficiency increased firstly and then decreased in the order M>H>L in the same nitrogen and different irrigation frequency treatments. When Xin Chun6 irrigation frequency was 7 d, nitrogen 300 kg·hm-2, water and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were max, respectively reached 16.03% and 14.30%. Xin Chun35 irrigation frequency was 7 d, 225 kg·hm-2 treatment water and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were highest, respectively reached 16.03% and 14.30%. |
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