| The southwest China karst area where Guizhou plateau is taken as the center, is the largest continuous and most vulnerable ecological environment area among the world’s three karst regions. The area of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province is the biggest in China and the level is the most serious. The rocky desertification is mainly due to excessive exploitation of natural resources by the people of the backward areas, resulting in bad ecological environment, and ultimately hindering economic and social development. To solve the problem of rocky desertification is one of the most urgent tasks in the southwest karst mountain areas. The development of Chinese herbal medicines in karst rocky desertification areas and derivative industry can not only improve the vegetation coverage rate of the rocky desertification areas, strengthen the soil and water conservation, but also can bring considerable economic benefits and promote the development of social economy.Supported by the projects including national "Twelfth Five Year" science and technology support program etc, the karst mountain plateau potential-mild- moderate rocky desertification of Bijie demonstration zone and dry hot plateau valley moderate- intense rocky desertification area of Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang demonstration area were selected as the research areas to study the development of Chinese herbal medicines and derivatives industry. Theories including the natural geography, ecology, soil and water conservation, ecological economics, theory of system coupling and medicinal plant cultivation theory were taken as the theoretical support. Summarize the standardized planting technology and the matching cultivation technology of Chinese herbal medicine through the research on the key technology of the standardized planting of Chinese herbal medicines. The coupling model of karst rocky desertification control and standardized planting and derivatives industry of Chinese medicines were constructed. The model were demonstrated comprehensively in the two demonstration areas and then the performance evaluation of the model were monitored the model was optimized, improved and finally extended.(1) Research and development of planting technology of Chinese herbal medicines in rocky desertification regions. In this paper, suitable species of Chinese herbal medicines in rocky desertification area were screened based on the suitability, ecology and economy of the rocky desertification areas. Principles of researching and developing screening Chinese herbal medicines tree species in desertification region includes: both suitable tree and land principle, taking into account the principle of economic and ecological benefits, breeding principles, stereoscopic structure with the principles of planting. Prickly pear and honeysuckle were choosen in light-moderate rocky desertification region, and cactus and prickly pear were choosen in moderate-intense rocky desertification region. Through key planting technology in field trials and the test to improve matching Chinese herbal medicines and forest-grass, monitoring and analysis, refining the key technology of Chinese herbal medicines standardized planting, such as alternatively, thinning, weeding, irrigation and fertilization, research and development forest-medicine supporting, medicine-grass supporting and forest-medicine-grass supporting to optimize Chinese herbal medicines matching planting technology, research and development Chinese herbal medicines slope protection planting techniques aim to soil and water conservation in desertification region.(2) Construction of a model intergrating rocky desertification control, standardization of Chinese herbal medicine planting and derivative industry development. Refine the coupled model of desertification control, standardization planting of Chinese herbal medicine and derivative industry development by combining key technology of Chinese herbal medicine planting in rocky desertification area, traditional Chinese medicine with other optimization matching of trees and planting technology, and traditional Chinese medicine nursing of slope planting technology with desertification control engineering phase coupling. Integrate desertification control and tree species selection coupling mode of traditional Chinese medicine herbs, Chinese herbal medicine with other optimization matching of trees grown rocky desertification area technical system, and make full use of social resources, natural resources and form the standardized cultivation as the core of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in rocky desertification area "production-supply-sale" management pattern, and the development pattern of characteristic tourism resources about standardization of Chinese herbal medicine planting.(3) Comprehensive benefit evaluation of the coupled mode on Chinese herbal medicine standardized planting and its derivative industry in karst rocky desertification areas. Standardized planting demonstrating of Chinese herbal medicine, optimize planting demonstrating of Chinese herbal medicine and other grass in Bijie and Huajiang demonstration zone, and evaluating its economic and ecological benefit. Through economic benefit evaluation, we found that the unit economic yield of Chinese herbal medicine standardized planting increased significantly compared with the traditional grain farming. Economic annual output value of roxburgh rose in light-moderate rocky desertification area is ￥5668 Yuan/mu, 6 times than that of corn which is ￥800 Yuan/mu. Annual output value of honeysuckle in middle-strength rocky desertification areas is ￥6300 Yuan/mu, nearly 7 times than that of corn which is ￥800 Yuan/mu. Taking the pattern of matching planting on medicine and grove in sloping field of two demonstration zone, intercropping like walnut with roxburgh rose, honeysuckle with pepper all increased significantly compared with the traditional farming. On aspect of Ecological benefit, soil erosion modulus of traditional agriculture land in Bijie light-moderate demonstration area was estimated as 216.59 t/km2·a, and Chinese herbal medicine land is 162.36 t/km2·a, 25.04% less than the traditional agriculture land. Soil erosion modulus of traditional agriculture land in Huanjiang middle-intense demonstration area was estimated as 125.49 t/km2·a, and Chinese herbal medicine land is 103.69 t/km2·a, 17.33% less than the traditional agriculture land. On social benefits, the industrial structure was adjusted, facilities was dramatically improved, the consciousness on medicine planting to be rich of people in demonstration area was promoted. By monitoring and evaluating of the benefits, it showed that the standardized planting mode of Chinese herbal medicine and optimization configuration mode with grove in rocky desertification area, not only improve productivity in per unit area of crops and economic efficiency, but also have higher ecological benefits. |
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