Insecticidal And Acaricidal Activities On Extracts Extracted Andalkaloids Isolated From Anisodus Tanguticus

The thesis conducted contact toxicities of extracts of different parts of A. tanguticus extracted by different polar solvents against M. separate, studied contact toxicities against P. rapae, B. brassicae et. of methanol extracts of different parts of A. tanguticus, explicited contact toxicities of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions from methanol extract of leaves of A. tanguticus against M. separate, and ascertained action mechanism of ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract of leaves against M. separate. Silica gel column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography methods were adopted to separated four species of alkaloids from the aerial parts of A. tanguticus, and their chemical structures were identificated, contents of four kinds of alkaloids in the alkaloids ample were detected by HPLC-DAD, biological activities on the four species of alkaloids against many kinds of agricultural pests or mites and Meloidogyne incognita were measured. After 3 years of studies, the main results are as follows:1. In extracts of different parts of A. tanguticus extracted by different polar solvents(methanol, ethanol, acetone, petroleum ethe and ethyl acetate), the strongest contact toxicity against M. separate was methanol extract of leaves. Methanol extracts of leaves, stems and root barks of A. tanguticus had strong contact toxicities against P.rapae.2. Petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions from methanol extract of leaves of A. tanguticus had very strong contact toxicities against M. separate, corrected mortalities were 63.00% and 80.00% when the fractions were diluted 5 times using water, were 2.85 and 2.24 times of methanol extract.Ethyl acetate fraction from methanol extract of leaves of A. tanguticus had some extent inhibition action on Na+-K+-ATPase in the larvae of M. separate, had no inhibition actions on Glutathione-S-Transferases(GSTs), Carboxylesterase, α-Amylase and Lipase.3. Four species of tropane alkaloids were isolated by silica gel column chromatography(CC), preparative thin layer chromatography(TLC) methods from the aerial parts of A. tanguticus and identificated. Their chemical structures were determined by MS and NMR to be scopolamine, anisodine, hyoscyamine and anisodamine, respectively. Contents of four kinds of alkaloids in the alkaloids ample were detected by HPLC-DAD, they were 12.40%, 10.34%, 3.46% and 13.09%, respectively, alkaloids accounting for 39.29% of the total alkaloids extract.4.The total alkaloids extract had very strong contact toxicity against M. separate, The extract had weak contact toxicities against B. brassicae, A. craccivora, R.padi and M. persicae, and no contact toxicity against A. gossypii and S. avenae. Contact toxicities of the extract against B. brassicae, A. craccivora, R. padi and M. persicae were significantly less than that of the control pesticide rotenone;To B. brassicae, M. persicae and A. gossypii, contact toxicities of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were lower than rotenone, and to A. craccivora and R. padi, contact toxicities of hyoscyamine and scopolamine were higher than that of rotenone with relative toxicities of 1.79 and 4.56, 1.98 and 3.00 times. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine had higher contact toxicities against T. viennensis, T. urticae, T. cinnabarinus and T. truncatus, but their contact toxicities were lower than rotenone;To B. brassicae, A. craccivora, R. padi and M. persicae, contact toxicities of anisodamine were lower than rotenone, Anisodamine had higher contact toxicities against T. viennensis and T. truncatus, but its contact toxicities were lower than rotenone; Anisodine had very weak contact toxicities against B. brassicae, R. padi and M. persicae, and no contact toxicity against A. craccivora, A. gossypii and S. avenae. Contact toxicities on the six species of aphids including B. brassicae, A. craccivora and R. padi, etc.,hyoscyamine were higher than scopolamine, and scopolamine were higher than anisodamine, anisodine were the weakest. Contact toxicities on A.craccivora and R.padi,hyoscyamine and scopolamine were higher than rotenone. Contact toxicities of hyoscyamine,scopolamine and anisodamine against T. truncatus and T. viennensis were equivalent, but were weaker than rotenone. Anisodine had no acaricidal activity.5. Hyoscyamine, scopolamine, anisodamine and anisodine had higher contact toxicities against 2nd instar larvae of M. incognita, the LC50 values were 0.74, 0.51, 0.75 and 0.74 mg/m L in 24 hours after treatment, and the LC50 values were 0.73, 0.48, 0.75 and 0.70 mg/m L in 48 hours after treatment. Contact toxicity of rotenone on the 2nd instar larvae was higher than that of scopolamine, scopolamine was higher than hyoscyamine, anisodamine and anisodine, contact toxicities of hyoscyamine, anisodamine and anisodine against the 2nd instar larvae were equivalent.