| The experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary polysaccharides from the fermentation concentrate of Ganoderma applanatum(Pers.ex Gray.) pat on the growth performance and Intestinal mucosal immunity in broilers. The relative weight of the digestive organs, intestinal villus, number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cell, IL-2 and S-Ig A content, antioxidant activity in intestinal mucosa and TLR4, NF-κB and TRAF6 key gene m RNA expression level in Jejunum mucosa were determined to evaluate the immunological effects of HFC on broilers. A total of 225 one-day-old healthy AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 15 broilers each.The 5 groups were respectively fed with the basal diet or diets added 5 mg/kg Flavomycin or three concentrations of GAP(0.05%,0.10% and 0.20%) during the 42 days study.The results were as follows:1.Effects of GAP on growth performance of broilersIn 1-21, 22-42 and 1-42 three stages, the group of GAP could increase the average daily gain and the average day intake,at the same time, reducing the feed conversion rat.2. Effect of GAP on the relative weight of the digestive organs of broilersIn 21 days, 0.05% level of GAP could significantly increase the relative weight of Proventrieulus, Gizzard, Duodenum,Jejunum and Ileum of broilers(P<0.05), the relative weight of the pancreas showed no significant difference between the groups(P>0.05). in 42 days, 0.05% level of GAP could significantly increase the relative weight of Proventrieulus(P<0.05), 0.20% level of GAP could significantly increase the relative weight of the pancreas, jejunum and ileum of broilers(P< 0.05).These results indicated that GAP could promote digestive organ growth and development of broilers.3. Effects of GAP on intestinal villus and number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cell of broilers1) Compared with the control group, Dietary supplemented with 0.10% and 0.20% level of GAP could significantly increase villus height(P<0.05) and V/C(P<0.05), decreased the depth of crypt(P<0.05); 2) Compared with the control group, dietary supplemented with 0.10% and 0.20% level of GAP could significantly increase the number of intraepithelial lymphocyte and goblet cell in each segment of small intestine(P<0.05); 3) While the number of lymphocytes and goblet cells could significantly increase in each segment of small intestine with increasing of age;4) The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes was gradually reduced from duodenum to ileum in the same age, but the Goblet cell number exhibited an increasing trend. It could conclude that dietary supplementation with GAP could improve the structure of small intestinal mucosa, maintain intestinal mucosal barrier function, and promote the healthy growth of broilers. and the best additive amount in the diet was 0.10%.4. Effects of GAP on IL-2 and S-Ig A content in intestinal mucosa of broilersIn 21 days, GAP could significantly increase S-IgA and IL-2 content in the small intestine of broilers(P<0.05); in 21 days, 0.05% and 0.10% level of GAP could significantly increase S-Ig A and IL-2 content in the small intestine of broilers(P<0.05). It could conclude that GAP could increase IL-2 and S-Ig A content in the intestinal mucosa of broilers, improve the intestinal mucosal immune function. and the best additive amount in the diet was 0.05%. 5.Effects of GAP on antioxidant activity in intestinal mucosa of broilers1) Compared with the control group, in 21 days, 0.2% level of GAP could significantly increase the content of SOD(P<0.05) in small intestine, 0.05% and 0.20% level of GAP could significantly increase the content of CAT in small intestine(P<0.05), 0.20% GAP add group can significantly increase the content of GSH-Px in the small intestine(P<0.05), and 0.10% add 0.20% GAP level of GAP could decrease the content of MDA in small intestine(P<0.05); in 42 days, Dietary supplemented with GAP could significantly increase the content of SOD in duodenum and ileum(P<0.05), 0.10% level of GAP could significantly increase the content of GSH-Px in duodenum and ileum(P<0.05), Dietary supplemented with GAP could significantly increase the CAT content, reduce the content of MDA in the small intestine of broilers(P<0.05). It could conclude that dietary supplementation with GAP could be Improve antioxidant activity in intestinal mucosa of broilers.6.Effects of GAP on TLR4,NF-κB and TRAF6 content in Jejunum mucosa of broilersIn 21 days, Dietary supplemented with different level of GAP could significantly increase TLR4,NF-κB and TRAF6 content in Jejunum mucosa of broilers(P<0.05); in 42 days, 0.10% and 0.20% level of GAP could significantly increase TLR4,NF-κB and TRAF6 content in Jejunum mucosa of broilers(P<0.05). It could conclude that TLR4,NF-κB and TRAF6 could play an important role in GAP regulating intestinal mucosal of broilers.In conclusion, dietary supplementation with GAP could enhance the relative weight of digestive organ of broilers, the number of intestinal mucosal antioxidation, intraepithelial lymphocyte and goblet cells of intestinal, improve the villi of small intestine,promote the expression of IL-2 and S-Ig A secretion and jejunal mucosa, NF- κB TLR4 and TRAF6 m RNA gene in the intestinal mucosa, and at last improve the growth performance of broilers. |
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