Characteristics Of The Sound Production And The Sonic Muscle In Sebasticus Marmoratus

Fish’s voice plays an important part in interspecific and intraspecific communication, including identifying the same kind of fuss, the cluster voice during the reproductive period,the test sound in search of food and making a loud ringing noise in order to avoid disasters. It has a closely relationship with fish’s life, which has a special biological significance.The rockfish(Sebastiscus marmoratus) is a member of Scorpaenidae family, being common on rocky coast or kelp beds in Southern China. This fish inhabits littoral rocky bottom, and appears territorial with small home ranges. Sebasticus marmoratus has the very high economic and ocean tourism development value with its tender and tasty meat. However, the population of has drastically declined and the individual has tended to be miniaturization because of over-fishing and channel development. In addition, because of its ovoviviparity productive habit, completely sense of artificial breeding is still a blank. Therefore, the protection of Sebasticus marmoratus resources is imminent and the definition of reproductive field is key in the implementation of protective measures. Study characterization of the sound production and the sonic muscle in Sebasticus marmoratus, it can provide important voice identification data, and help to understand that if parvalbumin and fiber structure play an important role in the rapid contraction of the muscles.In order to study characterization of the sound production and the sonic muscle in Sebasticus marmoratus, first, we use MS- 222 anesthesia Sebasticus marmoratus, with 4% paraformaldehyde fixed and save. Morphological anatomy method are used to observe voice system. Second, we use voice recording hydrophone, understand the characterization of the sound production. Third, We use muscle protein extraction, SDS-PAGE, Western blotting technique to research molecular weight and content of parvalbumin in the white muscle and sonic muscle of Sebasticus marmoratus. Forth, we use the transmission electron microscopy techniques to observe mitochondrial, triplet structure, the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the sonic muscle, to understand the characterization of the sonic muscle in Sebasticus marmoratus.Anatomy experiment results show that: the sonic muscle of Sebasticus marmoratus is extrinsic sonic muscle, it originates from the outside of the swim bladder, is connected to the swim bladder. The sonic muscle of Sebasticus marmoratus is white and glossy, The front end of the sonic muscle is connected to pterotic, the after end of the sonic muscle is connected to the end of swim bladder. Voice recording experiment results show that: Sebasticus marmoratus lets out the voice of “gululu”, the sound wave consists of several separate pulse and a set of consecutive pulse, waveform characteristics is similar. Each pulse including 3 ~ 5 kinds of sine wave energy cycles, the maximum energy(maximum amplitude) in 1 or 2 cycle, after gradually decay, the average pulse width is 32.6 ± 2.6 ms, the average pulse interval is 51.8 ± 81.4 ms(0-195 ms). Spectrum analysis found that the sounds of the single pulse have two different frequency characteristics, the main frequency was 83 ± 4 Hz, the harmonic frequency peak is 168 ± 12 Hz, and the continuous pulse frequency characteristics is same, The main frequency is 175±2 Hz. Biochemistry experiment results show that: the molecular size of parvalbumin is 10~14 KDa in white muscle and sonic muscle. The parvalbumin content of the sonic muscle is less than the parvalbumin content in the white sonic muscle(P<0.01). parvalbumin content of the sonic muscle in males is lower than parvalbumin content of the sonic muscle in the females(P < 0.05). TEM show that: the T system/SR of the white muscle are typically at the Z-line level. In the sonic muscles of Sebasticus marmoratus, these properties are well developed because the T system/SR are at the level of both the Z-lines and A/I junctions. Sarcoplasmic reticulum and cell membranes in the sonic muscle are more developed than in the white muscle. In the sonic muscle, more mitochondria, and gathered together. In the white muscles, mitochondria are relatively few and scattered.The characterization of sound production in Sebasticus marmoratus research summary: sound-producing mechanisms is the result of swim bladder vibration due to the action of the sonic muscle. When Sebasticus marmoratus encounters invaders, can appear two different results: defensive success or failure. This sound production records experiment contain single pulse and continuous pulse may also represents two different state in encountering invader.The fast contraction mechanism of the sonic muscle in Sebasticus marmoratus research summary: the parvalbumin is not play an important role in the fast contraction of the sonic muscle, but developed cell membrane, developed the T system/ sarcoplasmic reticulum, and developed sarcoplasmic reticulum ensure rapid contraction of the sonic muscles. Large and gathered mitochondria ensure the fish to work abidingly. Parvalbumin effect on the contraction of the sonic muscle need to do further research.