Investigation Isolating Identification And Chemical Control Of Anthracnose From Persimmon In China

The anthracnose is the only one critical infectious diseases which can cause devastating production loss of persimmon. Based on the survey in most of the parts in China where possesses lot of persimmon varieties, some samples of the anthrax were collected, the strains were isolated and identified from them, then chemical control tests were screened in field trials. The results are as follows:The anthracnose damages in persimmon were investigated in China. The anthracnose have occurred all over the country, Some areas, such as Shaanxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu have serious disease, Henan, Hubei and other places just have less. anthracnose usually occurred in the branches, leaves and fruits in persimmon. The outbreak of the disease usually occurred from June to August every year, some areas can last until mid-November. There were some differences resistance in the persimmon varieties. Jianshi in Fuping, Yueshi in Gongcheng and Tianshi varieties were susceptible to the anthrax.The samples of the anthracnose in persimmon from Guangxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hunan, Hubei were collected, and 78 anthrax strains were isolated. The veins were the best parts for isolating anthrax, conidia also can be picked up from it directly. Stem and branches can be stored for using in the future.The morphology of anthrax and the structure of acervulus in persimmon were observed. Acervulus were located in the diseased skins, which had black disc, irregular shape, surrounded by a protruding, there were too many conidiophores in the bottom of the disc.The inhibitory effects of 7 fungicides to four anthrax strains were Studied. Thiabendazole, Carbendazim, Difenoconazole, Tebuconazole, Iprodione, Procymidone and Pyrimethani could inhibit the growth of four strains. But thiabendazole and Carbendazim had best effects against anthrax strains. The MIC value of them were 1μg / mL, while the MIC value of Difenoconazole, Tebuconazole were 10μg / mL. The inhibitory effects of other fungicides for anthrax were poor.Anthracnose fungicide screening test were completed in the fields. 8% Thiram 500 × possessed the best control effects from August to October in Gongcheng, Guangxi. Followed by 40% of the Difenoconazole, 21% Peracetic acid agent, 25% Azoxystrobin fat, 25% Prochloraz EC.While 70% Thiophanate-methyl,50% Carbendazim, 80% Mancozeb just had less effective.The inoculation tests of anthrax strains were completed in potted persimmon trees. Niuxinshi and Gaishi possessed some resistance to anthrax, there were smaller spots in the leaves and the growth rate of lesion was slower, Jianshi Gongshi and Cilang had less resistance to anthrax.