The Mode Of Reproduction And Seed Germination Characteristics Of Allium Caeruleum

This paper takes the diploid Allium caeruleum L. from Yamalike mountains, Urumqi, Xinjiang, the diploid, triploid and tetraploid A. caeruleum from Sanping germplasm resources as the object of study, through the study of the mode of reproduction and seed germination characteristics, grasp the characteristics and ability of sexual reproduction of wild A. caeruleu, to provide theoretical foundation and scientific basis for rational utilization of wild A. caeruleum. Provide the basis for the establishment of domestication and cultivation by analyzing the characters for the future development of the core collection of Xinjiang wild A. caeruleu. The main results were as follows:(1)Study on the pollen viability showed MTT staining and germination in vitro methods were suitable for the pollen viability detection of diploid A. caeruleum from Yamalike mountains, while benzidine α-naphthol staining, TTC staining, carmine acetate dyeing, I2-KI staining, pollen staining and red ink staining methods were not suitable for it. The optimal culture medium formula of the germination in vitro method was sucrose 100 g·L-1 + boric acid 80 mg·L-1, The pollen vigor and pollen germination percentage of different blossoming phenophases of A. caeruleum populations showed a rise – fall – rise-decline trend, effective pollen viability and germination rates were within 24 hours, and there was a significant correlation between them. Stigma receptivity of studies showed the results of Benzidine – hydrogen peroxide and MTT method are the same, it has receptivity when 6 anthers loose powder and the style as long as filaments; when the perianth completely closed stigma receptivity was the strongest; with the blossom time of stigma receptivity becomes gradually weaker, stigma lost activity when it start wilting. It can successfully complete the sexual reproduction in the original habitats.(2)Study on scaly bud, bud germination and reproduction characteristics showed the new scaly bud of diploid A. caeruleum collected from Sanping and Yamalike mountains began to germination at the fifth day indoor control, while triploid scaly bud from Sanping need 6 days, the natural conditions of germination latter than under manual control; 3 different habitats collected A. caeruleum bulbil under control of leaf and root growth in indoor were better than natural. The propagation coefficient of diploid, triploid and tetraploid A. caeruleum stock plant from Sanping were 18.6, 14.5 and 11.4, while Yamalike was 25.1. The bulbils of triploid was 54.3, higher than scary bud. It could successfully completed, the asexual reproduction in the original habitat, under controlled condition can effectively shorten the bud germination period(3)Study on the seed morphological characteristics showed A. caeruleum seeds were obovate, testa black, surface reticulate, the seed moisture content of diploid A. caeruleum fromYamalike mountain was 9.14%, diploid A. caeruleum from Sanping was 10.09%, tetraploid A. caeruleum from Sanping was 10.73%, fresh seeds activity assay were between 61.2%- 84.4% determined by 0.1% TTC,. The moisture content of different ploidy A. caeruleum seeds are higher than general vegetable.(4)The study of law of water absorption and electrical conductivity of seeds showed diploid of Yamalike mountains, diploid and teraploid of Sanping A. caeruleum seeds water uptake was positively associated with the soaking time, maximum water absorption of self-respect, 56.04%, 52.40% and 58.53%, respectively. Variation of conductivity with seed extract, the conductivity value showed that seed soaking time can not be too long, in 36 hours.(5)Study on Seed Germination characteristics showed A. caeruleum seeds at the temperature of 10/20 ℃ conditions the highest germination rate and germination, 84.67% and 21.33%, respectively, germination percentage, germination rate and germination index highest under the condition of continuous dark, 38.67%, 11.30% and 0.17 respectively. A. caeruleum seeds were need variable temperature, light neutral seeds.( 6) Studies on seeds dormancy characteristics showed A. caeruleum seeds had non deep comprehensive dormancy, mechanical damages the highest germination rate of seed treatment was 30.5%; the highest seeds germination rate was 23.3% treatment by concentrated H2SO4 with 2 minutes; 30% NaOH can not promote seed germination; H2O2 treatment effect seed germination is poor, only reaching a maximum of 5.67%; Stratification treatment for 3 to 4 months can break seed dormancy, variable temperature stratification was better than constant, cold was better than warm. The seed germination rate was 65.33% treated by 500 mg·L-1 penicillin for 24 hours; 88.67%, treated by 200 mg·L-1 GA3 for 24 hours; 47.33%, treated by 15 mg·L-1 6-BA for 12 hours; 58.67%, treated by 0.05 mg·L-1 SA for 24 hours; it introductions the best effect of treating was GA3. Combined with TTC activity assay results, Yamalike mountain diploid A. caeruleum seeds had non deep comprehensive dormancy,there was a certain extent in breaking dormancy by physical, chemical and stratification treatment methods.(7)Study on tolerance to adversity of the seeds showed hydration-dehydration treatment to seeds thrown on some scale, promote the seed germinate; artificial aging for 4 days can significantly increase the germination rate and germination potential of seeds, NaCl and PEG treatment significantly impede seed germinate, 200 mmol·L-1 NaCl treatment of seeds, germination rate was 1.33%; 5.33%, by 15% PEG treated; 0.4 mmol·L-1 SNP treatment 4 hours which seeds under NaCl and PEG stress, can recovery the stress, improve the seed generation rate. The salt tolerance of A. caeruleum seed was medium partial weak, it could be lifted the stress by artificial In the seed germination period.