| Lavandula species are one kind of the plant materials of the flower arrangement and landscape creation with a high ornamental value, and also be commonly used in medicinal, health care, chemical industry and so on, furthermore, their richly aroma and variously color have been adored by people all over the world, which have caused introduction and cultivation in different areas. Nowadays, a great range of lavenders have been introduced and planted in southern China. The adaptability of lavenders survive in the thermo-humidity summer and their utilization, which grown in southern China have been rarely reported, however, the adaptability, flowering time and their essential oil productions in quantity and quality have been widely cultivated for economic value judgement. Therefore, this research focused on investigating the botanical characters of4varieties Lavandula:CAS01(Lavandula dentata), CAS07(Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), CAS08(Lavandula angustifolia Mill. X Lavandula latifolia Medik.) and CAS16(Lavandula latifolia), which grown in Kunming and Xiamen. In addition, the essential oils were extracted from two cultivars of Yunnan Lavandula spp.(CAS07and CAS08) using steam distillation method, and the chemical constituents were analyzed using GC-MS. Moreover, the heat and humidity tolerance of3varieties Lavandula (CAS01, CAS07, and CAS16) were tested by simulating collaborative high temperature and waterlogging stress in Xiamen. All in all, this study amis to supply a theoretical scientific basis for the industrialization and efficient utilization of lavanders grown in southern China. Here is the list of the main conclusions of this study:(1) The flowering time from long to short among the4varieties of Lavandula: CAS08, CAS01, CAS07, and CAS16have never flowered. A significant (P<0.05) botanical character difference among the different localitied and aged flowers of CAS08.(2) The variations of region, age and season lead to differences of the contents of the essential oils from CAS08, and which had effects on the relative contents of chemical composition of samples, but no changes in the chemotype (eucalyptol, camphor, linalool and a-bisabolol). The yields of essential oils from PY, XM and KM were6.6,3.1and3.2%, respectively. Furthermore, correlations between chemical composition, altitude and average annual rainfall of the samples were observed in the oils of lavandin, mainly based on a trade-off between the contents of eucalyptol, camphor and a-bisabolol. During the season, the yields of essential oils which extracted from CAS08grown in Yunnan were3.78,3.33,2.00,3.02and3.60%, respectively. We also found that the contents of eucalyptol and a-bisabolol changed in a contrary trend with seasonal variation. With increasing of age, the content of the essential oils which extracted from CAS08planted in Yunnan were also different, which were3.40,2.37and3.60%, respectively.(3) The yields of fresh and dry flowers of CAS07were2.18%and2.70%, respectively, while the CAS08were3.33%and3.78%, respectively. A significant difference (P<0.01) was observed in the yields of two cultivars but the difference was not significant (P>0.05) between the fresh and dry flowers of the same cultivar. Moreover, the principal constituents of the essential oil extracted from CAS07were consisted on linalool (38.58-39.16%), linalool acetate (21.80-26.71%) and lavandulol acetate (7.69-13.15%). The essential oil of CAS08extract was included eucalyptol (49.70-49.80%), camphor (13.64-14.26%) and a-bisabolol (6.62-7.65%). Moreover, the yields and qualities of oils which extracted from fresh flowers were higher than dried.(4) When3varieties Lavandula (CAS01, CAS07and CAS16) were exposed to high temperature and water logging stress, then the growth of them were gradually hampered or even death. The results showed that under only high temperature (36-40℃) stress conditions, they could survive in summer; on the other hand, the thermo-humidity tolerance of them from high to low:CAS16> CAS07> CAS01. |
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