Studies On The Classification And Ecology Of The Genus Morchella In Yunnan Province

The Morchella is one of the most valuable, rare medicinal and edible mushrooms. It is also one of the most important commercial mushroom in the world, and important export mushroom in China. Moresl have a wide distribution area, it is can be found in most place of temperate and cool temperate region, and it is wildly used as food in its distribution region. Collection and sales morel places an important role in indigenous people where morel occurs. In the thesis, the classification and ecological characteristics (especilly community characters) of morels distributed in Yunnan Province have been studied; the aim is designed to accumulate essential basic information for sustainable use morel recourses.There are six kinds of moresl distribution in northwest of Yunnan province. In the thesis, the classification and ecological characteristics(especilly community characters) of morels distributed in Yunnan Province have been studied. The results show that some kinds of morels can be distinguished by each individual typical characteristics. At present, morel taxonomic study of molecular biology techniques is introduced, however, the appearance of morel is rich in diversity.there are transition characteristics between some morels. The factors lead to some kinds of morel can not be clearly defined.The results of ecological diversity study demonstrate that morel favorites to live in temperate-cool weather。Morels may grow in many type of vegetation, indeed, they can be found in most vegetation which distributed in temperate-cool weather condition, wastelands or cutting blanks dominated by Pteridium aquilinum, grasslands dominated by graminaceous herbs, sometimes open place without plants etc, which of, deciduous broadleaved forest, mixed forest composing of deciduous broadleaved trees and needle-leaved trees, wasteland dominated by Pteridium aquilinum are their favorite vegetation type. In Yunnan Province, totally69family,205genera and314species higher plants were found accompanied with the Morhella species, including12families,15genera and19species of Pteridophyta,2families,6genera and8species of gymnosperm, and55families,184genera,287species of angiosperm. Florestics study on thr genera of accompany seed plant demonstrated that the accompany plants are dominanted by north temperate element, this result confirms that the Morchella really belongs to north temperate distribution pattern. In morel occurance community, the dominat tree species including Salix ssp.、Acer ssp.、Populus rotundifolia var. duclouxiana、Pinus armandii、Lithocarpus variolosus、Pterocarya delavayi。These tree species are all deciduous trees except Pinus armandii and Lithocarpus variolosus, this result demonstrates that morel usually occurs in deciduous forest, coniferous forest, or mixed forest made by deciduous trees and coniferous trees. In shrub layer, the dominant species includes Sinarundinaria nitida、Salix cupularis and Populus rotundifolia var. duclouxiana o In herblayer, the dominant species includes Fragaria nilgerrensis、Dipsacus asperoides、Artemisia tangutica、Carpesium macrocephalum、 Sambucus adnata。...