Plant Community Landscape Of Park Green Space In Haikou City

City park as an important part of urban green space, is not only the most concentrated and representative area of urban landscape and biodiversity, but also the foundation of urban ecological stability and sustainable development. On the basis of complete investigation on the park plant resources, firstly,10major park green space landscape in Haikou city were selected in this study by using quadrat and complete survey, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) to analyze the green space plant community characteristics, plant species diversity and plant community landscape of the park. Secondly, seven good plant community landscape configuration mode were recommend in this paper. Finally, the tropical coastal city green space construction, plant diversity protection and garden plant application were briefly discussed. The main research results are as follows:1. The research of park green space plant community characteristics(1)Plant species in Haikou city park green space were rich. After census, there were549vascular plant species belonging to389genera in111families in park green space. Among them,9vascular plant species belonging to7genera in6families were ferns,8vascular plant species belonging to6genera in6families were gymnosperms,532vascular plant species belonging to376genera in99families were angiosperms.(2)Plant species in Haikou city park green space were characterized by a high ornamental value. Mainly dominated by380flowering plants,337foliage plant,307shape-viewed plants and80stem and root-viewed plants.131vascular plant species were aromatic plants in this park, with the total plant species of23.86%. and182vascular plant species were medicinal plants, with the total plant species of33.15%.The distribution of the aromatic plants species varies in different parks.(3)The vertical structure of plant community mainly consist of arbor grasses and grasses. There were155quadrats of arbor grasses and96quadrats of grasses among the total420quadrats. There percentage were36.90%and22.86%respectively.(4)The importance value of the plants were unevenly distributed in parks which had notable predominance of the species. Cocos nucifera, Ficus microcarpa "Golden Leaves" and Zoysia tenuifolia, had the maximum important value among the timbers, shrubs and herbs.2. The research of plant diversities in park green space.(1)The diversity level of Seaside Park plants were significantly below compared to the Inland Park. The plant diversity of the tree layer in Inland Park were higher than that diversity in Seaside Park. Shrub layer and herb layer were slightly higher in Seaside Park then the Inland Park from the hierarchical analysis. That reflects the bias of all plants levels under the habitat effects in two kinds of parks.(2)The result of Jaccard βdiversity index of plants showed that:Jaccard3diversity index of tree and shrub layers were higher than that collectivity of the phyto community. The diversity index was0.5250. That’s indicated that the using of woody plants had the clear differences under the effects of habitat conditions in two kinds of parks. High plant species similarity were observed in the Century Park and the People’s Park, however low plant species similarity were observed in Temple of five lords and Tingxiu Park.3. The research of plant community landscape evaluation in park green space(1)The results of comprehensive evaluation on the unit of park green space plant community landscape showed that samples such as R193and J12from People’s park and Jinniuling park were the two best levels (Ⅰ) among the parks. Only account for4.76%of the total number of samples. The better level (Ⅱ) were80.95%and good level (Ⅲ) were14.29%among the park green landscapes. None worse level (IV) were found during the inspection process.(2)From the overall scores of the parks, the level of park green space landscape plant community in Haikou city are good (Ⅱ), which reflect the Haikou city park has the fine quality of green space plant landscape. The park sequence from high to low are as follows: the People’s Park, JinNiuling Park, Ribbon park on the west riverside, Ribbon park on the Meishe river, Wanlv Park, Century Park, Baishamen Park, Temple of five lords, Ribbon park on the west coast and Tingxiu Park. The study found that park which had high plant diversity index also tend to have the highest comprehensive evaluation score, both exhibit a positive correlation.(3)Through the thorough analysis of the12plant community landscape unit hierarchy structure, the configuration which has the following features of outstanding plant community in Haikou city parkland can be concluded:The plant has rich species, native plant (strong adaptability) is in the majority; The hierarchy structure is complex (the type of tree, shrub and grass), stable, the level of scattered is regular, the collocation is reasonable; The plant is growing in good health, the tree is full; The color is rich and changeful, the seasonal character is obvious and the ornamental value is strong; The landscape sketch is rich, and it can coexist with their surroundings in harmony; The capacity has high quality and the landscape function is strong.(4) According to the design concept of the near natural plant community, and based on the rich plant resources and characters in Hainan, we think that the design of plant community landscape in Haikou city can be designed as double layer model of "Tree, shrub and grass". The community structure from top to bottom is large arbor layer, sub tree layer, large or small shrub layer, herbaceous flower layer, and so on. The vine or other shrub and herbaceous is epiphytic on the middle position. We can recommend seven outstanding configuration modes of the plant community landscape hierarchy structure, the configuration modes of the plant community hierarchy structure in different types can be selected according to the functional need of park green.