| As the socio-economic development, and continual improvement in people’s living standards, People treat the environment demands more and more highly. Urban parks as an important component of the urban eco-system, improving of the urban environment and creating beautiful living environment has an important role. Plant community is used as basic units of the park, which structure determines the ecological function and the quality of plants landscape of plant communities in the Park.This article studies on the artificial plant community of green space to the main park in Wuhan, selecting and investigating170typical artificial plant communities of10parks in the urban areas, and make an artificial plant community and its surrounding garden elements as a landscape unit. We use the garden plant landscape evaluation system which used the Analytic Hierarchy Process evaluated the170plant landscape units. On this basis, we put forward recommendations to optimize and improve the problems which appear in the artificial plant community landscape of Wuhan.The research described the following two aspects:First, from the sample survey of the170plant community landscape units of10parks in Wuhan City, we obtained a total of549kinds of vascular plants of artificial plant communities, which belongs to125families341genera. Wuhan City native plant has310kinds in the549kinds of plants, accounting for56.5%. Native plants, trees, shrubs and grass were98kinds,69kinds and143kinds. From the physical characteristics of the overall community, the evergreen deciduous trees ratio of1:1.23, coniferous broad-leaved ratio of1:8.12. Park green artificial plant communities, the types of trees, shrubs, grass are151species,150kinds and248kinds.170plant communities, the structure of communities of trees, shrubs and grass, trees and grass structure of communities and the trees and shrubs structure of communities accounted for65.9%,24%and10.1%respectively.According to "China vegetation",we make the vegetation classification for artificial communtions of parks in Wuhan, and get the six vegetation types and77formations of161associations. Six vegetation types were:evergreen broadleaf forests, deciduous forests, cold coniferous forest, warm coniferous forest, evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest and temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, their number were:57,72,1,5,18and8. It can be seen, Wuhan City Park green artificial community vegetation types dominated by deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest.From the four angles of different parks, different types of environment for the growth, different structure of the community and different vegetation types, we make a comparative analysis for the difference of species of richness index, Shannon index, Simpson index and evenness index four indexes. And obtained that, four indicators are no consistent pattern between the different artificial plant communities of parks; When comparing the difference of species diversity from the different environment for the growth of plant community, these three indicators of species richness, Simpson diversity index and Shannon diversity index has a high level of consistency for the plant communities in different habitat types, and sort high to low results for:Buildings and walls around> Entrance and squares> Road side of the slope> Road side of the ground> Waterfront> Road side tree pool. Species evenness index sort from high to low:Buildings and walls around> Road side of the slope> Entrance and squares> Road side of the ground> Road side tree pool; Comparison of different structural types of plant communities, from an overall point of view, the species diversity of the stratified structure of the community is higher than single-layer tree structure of communities from four indicators. Different structure types of the species richness index, Shannon index and Simpson index ranked as follows:trees, shrubs, grass> tree, grass> trees, shrubs> trees, and the evenness index of the order:trees and Shrubs> trees, shrubs and grass> trees, grass> trees. Communities in different vegetation richness index, Shannon index, Simpson index and evenness index of the overall consistency of higher order:forest> deciduous broad-leaved forest> evergreen broad-leaved forest> coniferous forest.Second, from ecology, constitute art, psychological feelings and social service functions of the four aspects of plants landscape, we conducted a study. We establish the four criteria and18evaluation of landscape evaluation system, and artificial plant landscapes in Wuhan were evaluated. Evaluation score with reference to the CEI as the evaluation and grading standards, to the difference between the percentage of French is divided into â… , â…¡, â…¢, â…£, grades four plant landscape level standards, and that:15draw landscape unit to achieve grade â… ,59grade â…¡,80grade â…¢, â…£ grade16, respectively, accounted for8.8%,34.7%,47.1%and9.4%, which reach above the level of good plant landscape units accounted for43.5%, indicating that artificial plant landscape in Wuhan is generally at a high level. In all parks, the overall landscape of the Moon Lake Park is the highest level of quality, the overall landscape of the park Uprising quality level is the lowest.In this study, we analyze these three aspects of species composition, community species diversity and landscape evaluation for the artificial communities, which provides a theoretical and an instance of reference that would be to build a scientific and rational artificial plant community landscape, and this will play a very important role in improving the urban ecological environment and enhancing the effect of the urban landscape, at the same time it is a very important significance for the construction of the eco-city and urban sustainable development. |
