| By the impact of global climate change, drought has become one of the most serious disasters in the word, it influence the development of the world’s stable seriously, and become the main factor of the national economy sustainable development. Shaanxi Province is located between northwest continental climate and southeast monsoon climate, belongs to a fragile ecological environment, inconstant precipitation. Drought is the meteorological disaster with the highest frequency, the most extensive influence and the deepest damage degree in Shaanxi Province, aways nine times of drought in every ten years. Shannxi Province as the corn producing provinces, corn production occupies an important position at national. Therefore, a study of drought risk assessment of corn in Shaanxi Province has very important significance on preventing agriculture disaster, avoiding disadvantages, ensure steadily increasing of agricultural production and food security, promoting the sustainable development of the agriculture.On the foundation of the statistical data of daily meteorological, yield, social attribute, this paper based on theory of agro meteorological disaster risk, applying the ArcGIS spatial analysis function. The drought risk assessment of corn in Shaanxi Province carried out from four categories of evaluation system factors, the drought risk of hazard factors, vulnerability of hazard bearing body, environmental sensitivity, disaster prevention and mitigation capacity, finishing the corn drought risk assessment and zoning in Shaanxi Province. The results show that:(1)The distribution regularities of corn drought risk of hazard factor in Shaanxi Province is:the most dangerous zones are Huashan; the next are Yulin, Tongchuan, Xian, Ankang; then are Suide, Wuqi, Yaoxian, Wugong, Foping, Baoji; the safe zones are Luochuan, Zhenan and Hanzhong.(2) The corn drought vulnerability of Shaanxi map general shows gradually increased from the Guanzhong area to north and south sides of the region. The highest vulnerability zones are mainly in the city of Ankang and Shangluo; the higher vulnerability areas are main in the northern part of Shaanxi Province and Tongchuan City in Guanzhong area; the areas with medium vulnerability are mainly in the city of Hanzhong in Southern part of Shaanxi Province; the less vulnerability areas are in most areas of Guanzhong, such as Baoji, Xian, Xianyang; and the Weinan is the lest.(3) Considering three factors including altitude, slope and aspect. The corn drought sensitivity generally show higher in the southern rather than the northern. The areas of low drought sensitivity are mainly in northern of Shaanxi and Southern of Guanzhong, it contribute to developing agriculture as the majority of the land area, flat terrain. And the highest susceptibility are located in the Southern of Shaanxi, with the relative complexity of this area.(4) The hightest prevention capability districts in Shaanxi Province are the Yulin, Tongchuan city; the next prevention capability are Yanan, Xianyang, Xian city; the Weinan, Shangluo are medium; the lower prevention capability areas is Baoji; and the lowest districts are Hanzhong, Ankang city.(5) The areas that grow corn with least drought risk disaster are13.16percentages of all study areas; the less drought risk disaster are28.99percentages of all study areas; the middle drought risk disaster are29.30percentages; the higher drought risk disaster areas are18.80percentages of all study areas; and the highest are9.75percentages. The result of corn drought lowest risk areas are mainly in Luochuan, Changwu, Fengxiang, a part of Hanzhong in southern of Shaanxi. The medium risk areas are in northern of Shaanxi and a part of Guanzhong. While the higher risk areas are in most parts of Foping, Ankang city in the Southern of Shaanxi and Weinan. |
