Identification And Molecular Variation Of Viruses Infecting Vegetables In Zhejiang And Jiangxi Provinces

Vegetable virus diseases have become one of the most important factors that restrict the development of vegetable industry. However, up to now, our understanding of the species, distribution, variation and evolution of the vegetable viruses were limited. In consideration of the serious damage of vegetable virus diseases, investigations were carried out to determine the species, distribution, variation and evolution of the vegetable viruses in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. This could lead to the development of feasible strategies for controlling vegetable virus diseases.1816and995vegetable samples in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces were collected from2013to2014. These vegetable samples included Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminous and Cruciferae. The monoclonal antibodies of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) and Broad bean wilt virus (BBWV) were used to investigate the occurrence of these viruses in vegetables by Dot-ELISA. The results confirmed the occurrence and distribution of these viruses in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces preliminary.Small RNA deep sequencing is a virus-independent and high-sensitive method, which could be used for viruses’identification.8mixed samples included Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Leguminous were sequenced. Lots of viruses were identified based on the results of small RNA deep sequencing. These viruses included Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV), Sweet potato virus G (SPVG), Sweet potato virus C (SPVC), Sweet potato latent virus (SPLV), Southern tomato virus (STV), Pepper veinal mottle virus (PVMV), Chilli veinal mottle virus (ChiVMV), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper cryptic virus (PCV), Redbud yellow ringspot virus (RYRV), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Sweetpotato badnavirus B (SPBV-B), Sweetpotato badnavirus A (SPBV-A) and so on. These viruses were further amplified and sequenced by PCR/RT-PCR to determine the species, distribution and variation of vegetable viruses in Zhejiang and Jiangxi provinces. For vegetables collected from Zhejiang province, the most important viruses included CMV, ToMV, TMV, TYLCV, CGMMV, WMV, ZYMV, TuMV, BBWV, PepMoV, PVMV, STV, PMMoV and BCMV. Moreover, similar results including PCV were also obtained from Jiangxi province, but TYLCV was not been found. The primary viruses infected Solanaceae vegetable samples were CMV, ToMV, TYLCV, BBWV, PepMoV, PVMV, STV and PMMoV; PCV, TMV, Potato virus X (PVX), Potato virus Y (PVY) were also identified. In Cucurbitaceae samples, the most important viruses were CMV, WMV, ZYMV and CGMMV; Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), Melon yellow spot virus (MYSV), Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) were also identified. CMV, BBWV and BCMV were the primary viruses that infected Leguminous samples; Blackeye cowpea mosaic virus (B1CMV), Ramie mosaic virus (RaMoV), Peanut stripe virus (PStV), Soybean chlorotic mottle virus (SoyCMV), Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) and Milk vetch dwarf virus (MDV) were also found. The major viruses infected Cruciferae samples were CMV and TuMV.In this study, viruses including PepMoV, PVMV, PCV, SoyCMV, MDV, SPBV-A, SPBV-B and RYRV that were never reported in our country before, were identified. Complete genome sequences were amplified through PCR/RT-PCR methods and the genome structure and variation of these viruses were analyzed. For PepMoV,24samples were positive among80Solanaceae vegetables, and14PepMoV complete genomes were amplified (9640-9642bp). We found that these PepMoV isolates displayed an obvious geographical distribution based on the results of phylogenetic tree. Our PepMoV isolates showed a close relationship with the isolates form Korean, and showed a far relationship with American isolates. First report of these viruses indicated that the species of vegetable viruses in our country are various and they could cause serious damages. These results indicated that it is the time to take measures to prevent and control vegetable viruses in our country.