Study On Phonological Biology Of Bergenia Crassifolia(L.) Fritsch And Its Ecological Adaptation Zone

Bergenia crassifolia (L.) Fritsch(Saxifragaceae)is perennial herbaceous native in Central and EasternAsia, Siberia and the Altai Mountains. It is mainly distributed in Fuyun County, Fuhai County, Altay,Buerjin County and Habahe County in Xinjiang, China. B.crassifolia is a kind of wild plant resource. It hasthe ornamental and medicinal value. At present, the B. crassifolia is introduced successfully only in a fewaeras, because of the lack of in-depth study on the breeding characteristics and the ecotope of B. crassifolia.From March2012to November2013, fixed plots and sample strains were selected for cultivation in openfield and the wild. The phenology and the reproductive biological of the B. crassifolia was observed atKanas Lake, Altay City, Kuitun City and Urumqi, Xinjiang for two years. The climate similar distancemethod was used for evaluation and regionalization for potential suitable distribution area of B. crassifoliain Xinjiang. In order to provide the basis for the artificial introduction, the high yield planting, theresources development and utilization of B. crassifolia. The main results as follows:(1)After the wild plants were introduced in low altitude region, the annual life cycle average prolongedfor92d more. The Green, Exhibition Leaf Stage, Flowering Period and Fruit Mature Period, compared withthe wild state respectively ahead of45d,46d,35d and18d. The color of the introduced leaves changed26dlater than the wild ones.The main environment factors which led to the change of phenological period of B. crassifolia were theannual average temperature, the accumulated temperature which higher than10℃and the annual sunshinehours. In lower altitude region, the higher annual average temperature and the longer frostless season led togreen stage in advance and the leaf discoloration stage was postponed. The view leaf stage becomes longer.In higher altitude region, the lower annual average temperature and the shorter frostless season led to greenstage began later and the leaf discoloration stage became shorter. The view leaf stage became longer.Because of the days of the accumulated temperature which higher than10℃were few, the flowering periodbegan later, the flowering duration time prolonged and the view flower stage significantly longer than thelower altitude region.(2)Compared with the wilds, the scapes of the introdued plants were shorter, petal and sepal were bigger,stamen anther was shorter. There was very significant difference between two groups(p<0.01). The resultsshowed that the change of the flower characteristic has a very significant correlation with the altitude, theannual average temperature, the annual precipitation and the annual evaporation. The higher altitude, andthe more annual precipitation, the higher scaps. The higher annual average temperature and annual evaporation, the longe rpetals. The higher annual precipitation, the shorter sepals.The breeding systems of the B. crassifoliaia belong to obligate xenogamy system. There are significantdifferences of the number of pollen grains per anther, pollen grains per flower, ovules per flower and thefertile pollen rates among different groups(p<0.05). After the wild plants were introduced to low altituderegion, the pollen grains(the pollen grains per and the pollen grains per flower)were fewer, the number ofovules per flower was larger, and the fertile pollen rates was lower. After the anther powder2hours, thepollen viability began to stronger. When the7th day, the pollen viability was weaker and almostdisappeared. When the petal began to open, the stigma of the flower had receptivity, and the receptivity waslost when the flower began to wilt. The number of pollen grains were concerned with the altitude, theaverage temperature of the end of the flowers, the effective accumulated temperature of10℃and the sizeof plants.The larger plants, the higher altitude, the lower average temperature of the end of the flowers andthe lower effective accumulated temperature of10℃, the higher fertile pollenrates. Otherwise the lower.The abortive rate of introduced plants were increased, the fruit has shrunk and the1000-seed weight of thecultivated seeds were increased, there was significantly difference between them.(3)According to the distribution map of the suitable area that used the climate similar distance method,the soil pH value for B.crassifolia growth and development healthy was from5.9to7.4. The mostsuitability area of B. crassifolia planting were the lower altitudes around the Altay Mountains. Afterintroduction and domestication, the Southeastern and Western minority areas of Tacheng, the NorthernTianshan Mountain in north-central and the northern part of the West Kunlun Mountains, the SouthwestMountainous of Kashgar region were suitable for the cultivation of B. crassifolia. Mos areas of the southand east in Xinjiang, and some parts of Ili were not suitable for the cultivation of B. crassifolia.