The Research Of Soil Fertility Evaluation About Winter Wheat High-Yield In Hebei Province

Food security has been a global topic for a long time. As China owns10%of arable land but22%of population in the world, food shortage is always a serious problem for our country. During processes of ensuring efficiency of high yielding fields and transformation of low yielding fields, people discovered that the long-term intensive agricultural processes made potential health risks for soil. Focusing on the fertility of the soil and studying the physical characteristics, chemical properties and biological properties, there is a significant meaning for improving yields.This research was conducted in existed high-yield fields in Hebei province under the conditions of straw returned, used the method of tracking investigation and soil sampling through the determination of physical, chemical, biological and other indicators of soil to reveal the physical properties, chemical properties and characteristics of Soil Microbiology of high-yield field soil and their fertility and quality status. This study points out the way to improving crop yields in rural areas of Hebei, efficient management of water and fertilizer, high yield cultivation measures of soil environmental friendly, and provided the theory basis in order to ensure the safety of grain production in Hebei province. The results are as follows:(1) Fertility characteristics of Hebei Taihang Mountain piedmont plain and low plain area includ11counties shows that the high yield has higher loosen degree than conventional field. The chemical properties of soil in two agricultural areas performance into basic level, and high yield field has greater contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium than conventional field. High-yield field has higher content of microbial biomass carbon than normal field. The content of soil urease, sucrase, catalase in high-yield are much higher than those in conventional fields and generally decrease with increasing the depth of the soil.(2) This study uses analytic hierarchy process getting the weight of8index that can influence soil fertility, and the OM index has the maximum impact and invertase index has the minimum effect. This research finds out the quality of soil fertility high-yeild and normal-yeild fields in11counties in Hebei. Zhengding has the maximum value of0.614and Guan has the minimum value of0.413. (3) This study uses the evaluation results as a guide in the process of cultivation of high yield field and views that high yield field has better nutrient composition and soil structure. Transformation of low yielding fields should combine with the results of survey and develop strategies to improve technology and corresponding approaches for the middle and low yielding fields and avoid pollution and waste.