Study On The Biological Characterization Of Wild And Tamed Stachys Sieboldii Miq. In Kangding

For knowing the biological characterization of wild and tamed Stachys sieboldii Miq. in situ domestication and their differences in Kangding,the experiment start from March in the year2011to the next March in number1base which is one part of fritillaria cirrhosa base in Kangding Enwei Company in3500m altitude. The experimental materials are wild and tamed Stachys sieboldii Miq. This paper has researched the phonological period, the appearance shape, the dry matter weight and main nutritional components of their tuber. The results are:1.The phonological period of wild and tamed Stachys sieboldii Miq.is little different. Tuber germinating begins in March, meanwhile it buds in early April. The leaf-expansion period is from early April to late April or early May. The florescence is from early July to Mid-August. The fruit period is from Mid-August to the late September. Scorch stage is from the Mid-October to early and middle November. The whole growth period is approximately245days.2. The range of tamed plant height is8.8-23.9cm,the average is16.52cm. While the range of wild is3.3-18.9cm, the average is8.8400cm. The tamed plant height is significantly higher than wild.The tamed crown width is (3.6-24.3cm)×(2.4-18.8cm),the average is11.11cm×7.89cm. The wild is different that is (2.3-11.4cm)×(1.4-7.8cm), the average is5.29cm X3.27cm. The difference of intraclass is great; tamed crown width is wider than wild and their difference are significance.3. The tamed root length is13.50cm, while the wild root has12.54cm long. The tamed and wild small leaf is heart-shaped. The petiole which is short and two sides of leaf cover a lot of white long villis. Leaf margin has many coarse serrates.most of leaf base are symmetry. The tamed leaf is1.56cm long and0.85cm wide and weighs0.02g.While the wild leaf is1.42cm long,0.92cm wide, weigh0.02g. Tamed leaf is bigger than wild with no significant difference.4. The racemes round inflorescence of Stachys sieboldii Miq. in Kangding is faint color from white to pink with2-9round every round has6flowers. The tamed inflorescence has32.07flowers and the wild has17.40flowers, they have very significant difference. Tamed inflorescence is5.35cm long and1.7800cm wide. While wild is2.54cm long and1.25cm wide. The difference of the two indexes is notable or very significant.Every tamed or wild flower has two small dark brown fruits. Tamed longitudinal diameter is0.20cm, diameter is0.16cm, and grain weight is1.33g. While wild longitudinal diameter is0.19cm, diameter is0.15cm, grain weight is1.00g. The tamed shape of fruit is better than wild, and the difference of longitudinal diameter and grain weight is notable.5. The tamed and wild tuber are white have three shapes which are long strip, long strip with ultimate swelling and nodular. The scond is main.The tamed has1-14tubers average5.57. While the wild has1-35tubers averge12.50. The difference of root length and the number of tubers is great in intraclass; however between the two groups, the difference of root length is not obvious, but of the number of tubers is significant.About the shape of tuber, the length of tamed tuber is1.5-36.3cm average9.67cm, the width is0.1-1.2cm average0.49cm, and the weight is0.01-1.46g average0.36g. On the other hand, the length of wild tuber is0.3-18.6cm average3.48cm, the width is0.1-0.6cm average0.26cm, the weight is0.003-0.618g average0.096g. The difference of intraclass in the three indicators is great; the three tamed indicators are better than wild with significant difference.6. Not only tamed, but also wild, organizational structure of tuber and stem are similar. Their cross-section has2-3layer epidermal cells and four mesh fan-shaped vascular by even distribution. Their beam in the cambium has2-3layer cells. The cortex and pith have many parenchyma cells. But the tuber and stem have different shape, the tuber is round and the stem is square. Certainly the pith of tuber and stem is also different, the stem pith is empty, but the tuber pith fills with parenchyma cells.7. Water content of underground part included root and tuber is higher than aerial part included stem, leaf and inflorescence. Dry matter of Stachys sieboldii Miq. in Kangding concentrated in aerial part accounting for more than50%of the whole plant. The inflorescence accounts small part of aerial part less than1%, while accounting for less than 0.5%of the whole plant. On the contrary, tuber accounts most part of underground part, more than50%, while accounting a quarter of the whole plant.8. Only starch (0.13%) of tamed tuber is lower0.05%than wild, the other indexes which are water content (75.74%), soluble sugar (46.82%), soluble protein (0.07%) and crude fat (3.61%) of tamed are higher than wild, the high values were0.18%,4.34%,0.01%and0.09%.9. The soil is acidity on which growed wild and tamed Stachys sieboldii Miq. Only wild soil’s available potassium is higher than tamed. About the other indexes which are water content, organic matter, humic acid, total amount of humic acid and fulvic acids, available phosphorus, hydrolysable nitrogen and PH, all of the tamed ground are higher than wild ground.These results explain that taming in situ domestication has some influences about the biological characterization for wild Stachys sieboldii Miq.This research provides some scientific basis to protection and exploitation of wild Stachys sieboldii Miq.