The Main Chemical Components Characteristics Research Of Ganoderma Species Long Zhi No.1

Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. ex Fr.) Karst., a basidiomycete’s mushroom, has been used as atraditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases. The spores are the germ cellsreleased from muture fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum. With the improvement of yield, the heathyand medicinal value of Ganoderma spores are raised. China is the main production place of Ganoderma,and Zhejiang Longquan is awarded “First Ganoderma town in China” by the State Council. The chemicalcomposition characteristics of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ and the chemical composition differences in tissue typesand collected periods of Ganoderma lucidum were revealed by comparing the main chemical ingredients oftwo G. lucidum varieties (’Long Zhi NO.1’ and ’Hu Nong NO.1’) and eight kinds of commercialwall-broken G. lucidum spores. It will provide the basis for breeding new varieties of G. lucidum andexploiting food or medicine related to these varieties. The results were showed as follows:1. The colorimetric method was used to determine the contents of total polysaccharides, totaltriterpenoids, total proteins. The contents of total polysaccharides, total triterpenoids and total proteins were1.03%,3.15%and1.04%respectively in the wall-broken spores of ’Long Zhi NO.1’,0.59%,1.06%and2.63%respectively in pileus, and0.50%,0.52%and2.85%respectively in stipes. The total triterpenoidscontent in wall-broken spores of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ was significantly higher than the ones of ’Hu Nong NO.1’and G. lucidum sold in market. There was no significant difference in total protein content among thewall-broken spores of different G. lucidum. In addition, the total polysaccharide content in wall-brokenspores of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ was lower than the one of ’Hu Nong NO.1’, but higher than the average level ofcommercial ones. The chemical ingredients in different tissues of different G. lucidum and the spores fromdifferent harvesting periods were also obviously different.2. HPLC fingerprints for polar components in wall-broken spores, wall-unbroken spores, pileus andstipes were constructed. Seven common peaks in the HPLC fingerprint for wall-broken spores of ’Long ZhiNO.1’ and commercial spores were compared. The coefficient of variation for it was greater than90%.Common peaks from different tissues of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ and ’Hu Nong NO.1’ were also compared. Theranges of coefficients of variations for wall-unbroken spores, pileus and stipes were9.14~67.05%,40.47~87.01%and42.62~154.96%respectively. The results showed that the HPLC fingerprint for ’Long ZhiNO.1’ is remarkably different from the ones from different localities and the polar components in differenttissues are significantly different.3. The contents of amino acids and minerals in wall-broken spores of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ and ’Hu NongNO.1’ and commercial spores were determined. The results showed that the contents of amino acids andessential amino acids in ’Long Zhi NO.1’ are11.73%and7.71%respectively, which are higher than thosein ’Hu Nong NO.1’ and the average level of G. lucidum sold in market. The contents of total mineralelements and total required elements in wall-broken spores of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ were1.668μg g-1and1.341μg g-1respectively, which were not different from those of ’Hu Nong NO.1’ and lower than theaverage level of commercial spores. The contents of amino acids and minerals in different tissue of G.lucidum from different collected periode were quite different. 4. The oil content and the fatty composition in wall-broken spores of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ and ’Hu NongNO.1’ and commercial spores were determined. The results showed that the oil content in ’Long Zhi NO.1’is34.17%, which is significantly higher than those in ’Hu Nong NO.1’ and the average level of G. lucidumsold in market. The fatty acid composition in spores and fruiting body of ’Long Zhi NO.1’ and ’Hu NongNO.1’ were detected by GC-MS. The conents of unsaturated fatty acid were67.95%in spores oil and57.98%in fruiting body oil of ’Long Zhi NO.1’, which were higher than those in ’Hu Nong NO.1’. Thisstudy can provide the basis for the development of nutrition and health G. lucidum spore oil.