Ammonia Emission Characteristics And Mitigation Solutions In Dairy Farming System In Specific Regions

With the rapidly development of the dairy, dairy farming system waste generated increased, increasingly caused serious environmental problems.Especially NH3 emission of cows excrete waste generated and settlement caused by environmental pollution has become the environmental problems to be solved in many countries. Research in the field of basic data related to multi-domestic references result, the lack of research data and research of the NH3 emissions in whole system, "from generation to Field" on a macroscopic scale. In this paper, regard dairy farming system as the research object, the "barn- storage- cropland soil" as the N elements flow direction and major aspects of NH3 emissions, through expert advice, literature inquiries, field research, the use of the concept of nutrient flows, nutrient balance and RAINS model, System of a special area of dairy farming system waste in different breeding patterns and different management models NH3 emission factors and characteristics, and in 2010 in Henan and Hebei province, NH3 emissions dairy farming system based on data with specific emission reduction measures scenario analysis, to explore the best way to reduce emissions.to explore the best way to reduce emissions. The results showed that:(1) Dairy farming system of special areas, the entire chain of ammonia emissions, have had some differences due to the different breeding patterns and management. NH3 emission factor of "Entity floor type" intensive farms cows is 27 ~ 27.82 kg NH3 / head*year, NH3 emission factor of "litter type" intensive farms cows is 16.6 ~ 17.73 kg NH3 / head*year; NH3 emission factor of "entity floor-type " cell is 31.2 ~ 31.93 kg NH3 / head*year,NH3 emission factor of " litter-type " cell culture is 21.5 ~ 22.44 kg NH3 / head*years. The same type of cell culture model floor than intensive farming emission factor large, the same farming methods "real floor type" cows NH3 emission factor than the "litter-type" big.(2) Dairy farming system NH3 emission contribution of all sectors of special areas, NH3 emission factor in "real floor type",barn is maximum, intensive and cell pattern manure N excretion accounted for 15% and 18%, respectively. NH3 emission factor of "litter type",storage is maximum, intensive and cell pattern excreta N excretion accounted for 11% and 17%, respectively.(3) In 2010,NH3 emissions of dairy farming system of Hebei and Henan area were about 62,700 tons / year, all aspects of emissions were approximately 45,300 tons / year(barn), 28,400 tons / year(storage), 0.52 ~ 08,400 tons / year(field application). NH3 emissions of various aspects of dairy farming system system in Hebei were about 2.9 million tons / year(barn), 18,300 tons / year(storage), 3400 to 4,800 tons / year(agricultural administration); NH3 emissions by each link of Henan dairy farming system were about 16,300 tons / year(barn), 10,100 tons / year(storage),1,800 to2,,600 tons / year(field application).(4) Regard ammonia emissions data of Henan and Hebei province in 2010 as background value, combined with foreign saving measures special regional status quo and set up six kinds of cattle reduction scenario: reduction of feeding low-protein was 18%; bedding straw barn reduction was 22%; reduction of manure composting was 25%; reduction of increasing desludging frequency was 24%; reduction of improve fertilization techniques was 16%; reduction of all use was 61%. Manure compost and increase the frequency of manure removal is the best way to reduce emissions.